Cottrell E C, Ozanne S E
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QR, United Kingdom.
Physiol Behav. 2008 Apr 22;94(1):17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.017. Epub 2007 Nov 22.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that conditions experienced in early life play an important role in the long-term health of individuals. Alterations in development due to impaired, excessive or imbalanced growth, both in utero and during critical periods of relative plasticity beyond birth, can lead to the permanent programming of physiological systems. The regulation of energy balance is one area that is receiving particular attention, as rates of obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease continue to rise. Over recent decades, much progress has been made toward understanding the way in which metabolic tissues and physiological systems develop, and the impact of early life events and nutrition on these processes. It is apparent within human populations that some individuals are better able to maintain an appropriate body weight in the face of an obesogenic environment. Animal models have been widely used for the investigation of differential susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and impaired energy balance regulation, and are shedding light on key pathways that may be involved. Alterations in pathways mediating energy homeostasis, outlined below, are likely candidates for programming effects following disturbed growth in early life.
越来越明显的是，个体早年经历的状况对其长期健康起着重要作用。在子宫内以及出生后相对可塑性的关键时期，由于生长受损、过度或失衡而导致的发育改变，可能会导致生理系统的永久编程。随着肥胖率以及相关代谢和心血管疾病持续上升，能量平衡的调节是一个受到特别关注的领域。近几十年来，在了解代谢组织和生理系统的发育方式以及早年事件和营养对这些过程的影响方面取得了很大进展。在人群中很明显，一些个体在致胖环境中更有能力维持适当体重。动物模型已被广泛用于研究饮食诱导肥胖（DIO）的易感性差异和能量平衡调节受损，并正在揭示可能涉及的关键途径。如下所述，介导能量稳态的途径改变可能是早年生长紊乱后编程效应的候选因素。
