Akpa P O, Ezeokonkwo R C, Eze C A, Anene B M
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Vet Parasitol. 2008 Feb 14;151(2-4):139-49. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.10.024. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
The chemotherapeutic efficacy of diminazene aceturate (Berenil)--a standard veterinary trypanocide and pentamidine isethionate (PMI)--a human trypanocide was compared in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Also, the activities of the drugs on some serum liver enzymes were evaluated before and after treatment to ascertain the relative safety of the drugs. Fifteen local dogs (mongrels) were used for the study. Three of the dogs were uninfected controls, and twelve were infected with a stock of T. brucei brucei. Three of the infected dogs were untreated controls, three were given diminazene aceturate (DA) at 7 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly (i/m), another three received pentamidine isethionate (PMI) at 4 mg/kg i/m on days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 post infection (PI) and the remaining three dogs were also given same dose of PMI on days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 PI. Both trypanocides effectively cleared the parasites from the blood of the infected treated dogs. However, the infection subsequently relapsed at day 42 PI in one of the dogs in the DA treated group which later died at day 70 PI. Relapse infection was not recorded with the PMI treated groups although two dogs died in the PMI treated group II (treatment at days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 PI) without showing relapsed parasitaemia. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and haemoglobin (Hb) level which decreased significantly following infection, were reversed by the trypanocidal treatment. The reversal in the red cell values was faster in the PMI treated groups than in the DA treated group. The serum alkaline phosphate (SAP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased following infection and drug administration. The increase in the enzyme levels was greater in the DA treated groups than PMI treated groups. It was thus concluded that PMI given at 4 mg/kg i/m at days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 PI constituted a safe and efficient trypanocide and exhibited a superior trypanocidal action than DA in T. brucei brucei infected dogs.
在实验感染布氏布氏锥虫的犬中，比较了乙酰马杜霉素（贝尼尔）——一种标准的兽用杀锥虫剂和喷他脒异硫氰酸盐（PMI）——一种人用杀锥虫剂的化疗效果。此外，在治疗前后评估了药物对一些血清肝酶的活性，以确定药物的相对安全性。15只本地犬（杂种犬）用于该研究。其中3只犬为未感染对照，12只犬感染了布氏布氏锥虫毒株。3只感染犬为未治疗对照，3只犬肌肉注射7mg/kg体重的乙酰马杜霉素（DA），另外3只在感染后（PI）第14、17、19、27、29和31天肌肉注射4mg/kg的喷他脒异硫氰酸盐（PMI），其余3只犬在感染后第14、16、18、20、22、24和26天也给予相同剂量的PMI。两种杀锥虫剂均有效清除了感染治疗犬血液中的寄生虫。然而，DA治疗组的一只犬在感染后第42天出现感染复发，该犬后来在感染后第70天死亡。PMI治疗组未记录到复发感染，尽管PMI治疗组II（在感染后第14、17、19、27、29和31天治疗）中有两只犬死亡，未出现复发寄生虫血症。感染后显著降低的血细胞比容（PCV）、红细胞（RBC）计数和血红蛋白（Hb）水平通过杀锥虫治疗得以逆转。PMI治疗组红细胞值的逆转比DA治疗组更快。感染和给药后血清碱性磷酸酶（SAP）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平升高。DA治疗组酶水平的升高比PMI治疗组更大。因此得出结论，在感染后第14、16、18、20、22、24和26天肌肉注射4mg/kg的PMI是一种安全有效的杀锥虫剂，在感染布氏布氏锥虫的犬中表现出比DA更优的杀锥虫作用。
