Alvarez René, Lidén Gunnar
IIDEPROQ, UMSA, Plaza del Obelisco 1175, La Paz, Bolivia.
Waste Manag. 2008;28(10):1933-40. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.002. Epub 2007 Dec 26.
Quinoa stalk (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from agricultural crop residue, totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) and o-macrophytes (aquatic flora) from Lake Titicaca (on the Bolivian Altiplano) were studied in a wet anaerobic co-digestion process together with manure from llama, cow and sheep. Anaerobic semi-continuous experiments were performed in (10) 2-l reactors at a temperature of 25 degrees C with 30 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.8 kg VS m(-3) d(-1). Totora was found to be the best co-substrate. In mixture ratios of 1:1 (VS basis), it increased the biogas productivity by 130% for llama manure, 60% for cow manure, and 40% for sheep manure. It was possible to use up to 58% (VS basis) of totora in the substrate. Higher concentrations (including pure totora) could not be digested, as that caused acidification problems similar to those caused by other lignocellulosic materials. When quinoa and o-macrophytes were used as co-substrates, the increase in biogas productivity was slightly less. However, these co-substrates did not cause any operational problems. An additional advantage of quinoa and o-macrophytes was that they could be used in any proportion (even in pure form) without causing any destabilization problems in the anaerobic digestion process.
对来自农作物残渣的藜麦秸秆（藜麦）、的的喀喀湖（位于玻利维亚高原）的芦苇（帚状黑三棱）和大型水生植物（水生植物群）与来自美洲驼、牛和羊的粪便一起进行了湿式厌氧共消化过程研究。在10个2升的反应器中进行了厌氧半连续实验，温度为25摄氏度，水力停留时间（HRT）为30天，有机负荷率（OLR）为1.8 kg VS m(-3) d(-1)。结果发现芦苇是最佳的共底物。在1:1（基于VS）的混合比例下，它使美洲驼粪便的沼气生产率提高了130%，牛粪提高了60%，羊粪提高了40%。底物中芦苇的用量最高可达58%（基于VS）。更高的浓度（包括纯芦苇）无法消化，因为这会导致与其他木质纤维素材料类似的酸化问题。当藜麦和大型水生植物用作共底物时，沼气生产率的提高略少。然而，这些共底物不会引起任何操作问题。藜麦和大型水生植物的另一个优点是它们可以以任何比例（甚至纯形式）使用，而不会在厌氧消化过程中引起任何不稳定问题。
