Leahy Kathleen E, Birch Leann L, Rolls Barbara J
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6501, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Jan;108(1):41-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.015.
Strategies need to be developed to reduce preschool children's energy intake.
To test the effect of reducing the energy density of an entrée on children's ad libitum energy intake.
Subjects were 2- to 5-year-old children (37 boys and 40 girls) in a university day-care facility.
In this within-subjects crossover study, children were served a test lunch once per week for 6 weeks. Two versions of a macaroni and cheese entrée were formulated to differ in energy density while maintaining similar palatability. Each version was served to children three times. The higher-energy-density entrée had 2.0 kcal/g and the other entrée was 30% lower in energy density. Lunch, consumed ad libitum, also included broccoli, applesauce, and milk.
Food intake and energy intake were measured.
A mixed linear model tested effect of energy density of the entrée on food intake and energy intake. Results are reported as mean+/-standard error.
Decreasing the energy density of the entrée by 30% significantly (P<0.0001) reduced children's energy intake from the entrée by 25% (72.3+/-8.3 kcal) and total lunch energy intake by 18% (71.8+/-7.9 kcal). Children consumed significantly more of the lower-energy-density entrée (10.1+/-4.2 g; P<0.05). Children's sex-specific body mass index-for-age percentiles did not affect the relationship between energy density of the entrée and children's intakes.
Decreasing the energy density of a lunch entrée resulted in a reduction in children's energy intake from the entrée and from the total meal. Reducing the energy density of foods may be an effective strategy to moderate children's energy intake.
需要制定策略来减少学龄前儿童的能量摄入。
测试降低一道主菜的能量密度对儿童随意能量摄入的影响。
研究对象为大学日托机构中2至5岁的儿童（37名男孩和40名女孩）。
在这项受试者自身交叉研究中，儿童每周享用一次测试午餐，共持续6周。制作了两种通心粉和奶酪主菜，能量密度不同，但口感相似。每个版本给儿童提供三次。高能量密度的主菜每克含有2.0千卡能量，另一种主菜的能量密度低30%。随意食用的午餐还包括西兰花、苹果酱和牛奶。
测量食物摄入量和能量摄入量。
采用混合线性模型测试主菜能量密度对食物摄入量和能量摄入量的影响。结果以均值±标准误表示。
将主菜的能量密度降低30%，显著（P<0.0001）使儿童从主菜中摄入的能量减少25%（72.3±8.3千卡），午餐总能量摄入量减少18%（71.8±7.9千卡）。儿童食用的低能量密度主菜明显更多（10.1±4.2克；P<0.05）。儿童按年龄和性别划分的体重指数百分位数不影响主菜能量密度与儿童摄入量之间的关系。
降低午餐主菜的能量密度可使儿童从主菜和整餐中摄入的能量减少。降低食物的能量密度可能是控制儿童能量摄入的有效策略。
