Fisher J O, Birch L L
Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jul;95(7):759-64. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00212-X.
To examine differences in preferences for high-fat foods, dietary fat intake, anthropometric measurements, and parental body mass index (BMI) among 3- to 5-year-old children.
Children's fat intake was measured using 30-hour weighed food intake data from a standard menu. Children's fat preferences were assessed using a subset of foods from the standard menu. We obtained parents' BMI scores and children's anthropometric measurements including weight-for-stature, triceps, and subscapular skinfolds.
Participants were children 3 to 5 years of age (n = 18, 10 girls and 8 boys; mean [+/- standard deviation] age = 52 +/- 1.9 months) who were without food allergies, food sensitivities, or chronic illness, and the children's parents (18 mothers and 16 fathers).
Correlational analyses and maximum likelihood contingency tables were used to examine children's fat preferences and fat intake, children's anthropometric measurements, and BMI scores of parents.
Although all children were offered the same daily menu, children's dietary fat intakes ranged from 25% to 42%. Children indicating strong preferences for high-fat foods had high total fat intakes (r = .54, P < .05; chi 2 = 3.96, df = 1, P < .05). Children's fat preferences were also related to their triceps skinfold measurements (r = .61; P < .01). Finally, those children with the strongest preferences for high-fat foods (r = .75, P < .01; chi 2 = 10.68, df = 1, P < .05) and the highest total fat intakes (r = .67, P < .01; chi 2 = 5.28, df = 1, P < .05) had heavier parents than did children with low scores.
Offering children a nutritionally adequate diet is necessary but may not be sufficient to ensure dietary quality; children's food preferences are influential determinants of macronutrient intake. The association of children's fat preferences and intake with parental adiposity suggests that dietary influences may mediate familial patterns of adiposity.
研究3至5岁儿童对高脂肪食物的偏好、膳食脂肪摄入量、人体测量指标以及父母体重指数（BMI）之间的差异。
通过标准菜单30小时的食物称重摄入数据来测量儿童的脂肪摄入量。使用标准菜单中的部分食物来评估儿童对脂肪的偏好。我们获取了父母的BMI分数以及儿童的人体测量指标，包括身高体重比、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度。
参与者为3至5岁儿童（n = 18，10名女孩和8名男孩；平均年龄[±标准差] = 52 ± 1.9个月），他们没有食物过敏、食物敏感或慢性病，以及儿童的父母（18名母亲和16名父亲）。
采用相关性分析和最大似然列联表来研究儿童对脂肪的偏好和脂肪摄入量、儿童的人体测量指标以及父母的BMI分数。
尽管所有儿童的日常菜单相同，但儿童的膳食脂肪摄入量在25%至42%之间。表示强烈偏好高脂肪食物的儿童总脂肪摄入量较高（r = 0.54，P < 0.05；卡方 = 3.96，自由度 = 1，P < 0.05）。儿童对脂肪的偏好也与他们的三头肌皮褶厚度测量值有关（r = 0.61；P < 0.01）。最后，那些对高脂肪食物偏好最强（r = 0.75，P < 0.01；卡方 = 10.68，自由度 = 1，P < 0.05）且总脂肪摄入量最高（r = 0.67，P < 0.01；卡方 = 5.28，自由度 = 1，P < 0.05）的儿童，其父母比得分低的儿童的父母更重。
为儿童提供营养充足的饮食是必要的，但可能不足以确保饮食质量；儿童的食物偏好是常量营养素摄入的重要决定因素。儿童对脂肪的偏好和摄入量与父母肥胖之间的关联表明，饮食影响可能介导了肥胖的家族模式。
