Lippolis J D
Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Apr;86(14 Suppl):E53-63. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0620. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
The role of the immune system is to protect against infection and to eliminate disease from the host. Nonimmune cells can not only act as physical barriers, but also respond to microbial stimulation to release antimicrobial molecules, whereas immune cells are primarily responsible for eliminating pathogens or cancerous cells. In addition, immune cells regulate the immune response affecting the types of cells that are activated or suppressed. The following discussion is an overview of the immune system and its interconnection with the host. How nonimmune cells and innate and adaptive immune cells work separately and together to respond to a pathogenic challenge is discussed. In addition, how the immune system can be affected by factors such as nutrition and stress, and how the immune system can affect factors such as fertility demonstrates the integration of the immune system in processes other than elimination of pathogens.
免疫系统的作用是预防感染并清除宿主体内的疾病。非免疫细胞不仅可作为物理屏障，还能对微生物刺激作出反应以释放抗菌分子，而免疫细胞主要负责清除病原体或癌细胞。此外，免疫细胞调节免疫反应，影响被激活或抑制的细胞类型。以下讨论是对免疫系统及其与宿主相互联系的概述。文中探讨了非免疫细胞、固有免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞如何单独及共同作用以应对致病性挑战。此外，免疫系统如何受营养和压力等因素影响，以及免疫系统如何影响生育能力等因素，都表明了免疫系统在病原体清除以外的过程中的整合作用。
