Li Ji, Wang Youfa
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Nutr. 2008 Jan;138(1):94-100. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.1.94.
Young peoples' dietary habits may persist over time. However, few studies have examined the dynamic patterns in urban low-income African-American adolescents' intakes. This study examined these dynamic patterns and their predictors and explored the association between the patterns and BMI over time. Dietary data were collected from 181 low-income African-American adolescents using a 152-item FFQ at baseline and 1-y follow-up. High intakes and high BMI were defined as the top quartile and high-fat intake as >35% of energy from fat. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to study the association between study variables. Correlation coefficients (0.4 < r < 0.6; P < 0.05) between participants' intakes at baseline and at 1-y follow-up suggested tracking, particularly intakes of energy, fat, fiber, calcium, vegetables and fruits, fried food, and snack food. However, the tracking of percentage of energy from fat and sugar-sweetened beverages was weak (0.2 < or = r < 0.3; P < 0.01). Proportion of agreement (>30%) and k-values (>0.2) also indicated tracking. Adjustment for tracking of energy changed little the observed tracking for other micronutrients and food groups. Factor analysis showed moderate tracking in a Western diet pattern (r = 0.47; P < 0.001) but was weaker in 2 healthier diet patterns (r = 0.31-0.36; P < 0.001). Age, gender, physical activity, and BMI predicted dietary changes (P < 0.05). Adolescents who tracked high intakes of energy, fiber, fried food, and snacks were less likely to track high BMI. Decreased energy and snack intakes were negatively related to tracking of high BMI. Overall, urban low-income African-American adolescents tracked their dietary patterns over time. The tracking was affected by baseline characteristics.
年轻人的饮食习惯可能会随着时间的推移而持续存在。然而，很少有研究探讨城市低收入非裔美国青少年饮食摄入的动态模式。本研究考察了这些动态模式及其预测因素，并探讨了这些模式与随时间变化的体重指数（BMI）之间的关联。在基线和1年随访时，使用152项食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集了181名低收入非裔美国青少年的饮食数据。高摄入量和高BMI定义为四分位数最高值，高脂肪摄入定义为脂肪能量占比>35%。采用多项逻辑回归模型研究研究变量之间的关联。参与者在基线和1年随访时摄入量之间的相关系数（0.4 < r < 0.6；P < 0.05）表明存在追踪现象，尤其是能量、脂肪、纤维、钙、蔬菜和水果、油炸食品及零食的摄入量。然而，来自脂肪和含糖饮料的能量百分比的追踪较弱（0.2 ≤ r < 0.3；P < 0.01）。一致性比例（>30%）和k值（>0.2）也表明存在追踪现象。对能量追踪进行调整后，其他微量营养素和食物组的观察到的追踪变化不大。因子分析显示西方饮食模式存在中度追踪（r = 0.47；P < 0.001），但在另外两种更健康的饮食模式中较弱（r = 0.31 - 0.36；P < 0.001）。年龄、性别、身体活动和BMI可预测饮食变化（P < 0.05）。追踪高能量、纤维、油炸食品和零食摄入量的青少年追踪高BMI的可能性较小。能量和零食摄入量的减少与高BMI的追踪呈负相关。总体而言，城市低收入非裔美国青少年随时间推移追踪他们的饮食模式。这种追踪受到基线特征的影响。
