Pacheco Alice Helena de Resende Nóra, Barreiros Nathália Silva Raposo, Santos Iná S, Kac Gilberto
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2007 Dec;23(12):2807-19. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007001200002.
This article reports on a systematic review of studies on caffeine intake during pregnancy and prevalence of low birth weight and prematurity, focusing on methods to quantify intake and control for confounding. The review consisted of an article search from 1996 to 2006 in MEDLINE, LILACS, and PubMed, using the key words: "caffeine", "coffee", "low birth weight", "birth weight", "preterm", "premature", and "prematurity". Ten articles were selected. Methods used to quantify caffeine consumption were: semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires for diet or only caffeinated products, including one self-applied questionnaire; food recall; questions on type and method of preparation; analysis of samples; and urine and plasma caffeine levels. In three studies, high caffeine consumption was associated with low birth weight and/or prematurity. Contradictions between studies may be due to difficulties in measuring caffeine consumption; assessment of different caffeine sources; variations in the mode of preparation and amount consumed; and sample size. Association between moderate caffeine consumption and fetal growth was not demonstrated, so a more precise measurement of caffeine intake is necessary.
本文报道了一项关于孕期咖啡因摄入量与低出生体重及早产患病率的研究的系统评价，重点关注咖啡因摄入量的量化方法以及混杂因素的控制。该评价包括在1996年至2006年间在医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区卫生科学数据库（LILACS）以及医学期刊数据库（PubMed）中进行的文献检索，使用的关键词为：“咖啡因”、“咖啡”、“低出生体重”、“出生体重”、“早产”、“早产的”以及“早产情况”。共筛选出10篇文章。用于量化咖啡因摄入量的方法包括：针对饮食或仅含咖啡因产品的半定量食物频率问卷，其中包括一份自我填写的问卷；食物召回；关于制备类型和方法的问题；样本分析；以及尿液和血浆中的咖啡因水平。在三项研究中，高咖啡因摄入量与低出生体重和/或早产有关。研究之间的矛盾可能是由于咖啡因摄入量测量困难；不同咖啡因来源的评估；制备方式和摄入量的差异；以及样本量。未证实适度咖啡因摄入量与胎儿生长之间存在关联，因此有必要更精确地测量咖啡因摄入量。
