Kappen C, Neubüser A, Balling R, Finnell R
Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Dec;80(6):425-50. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20136.
Skeletal variations are common in humans, and potentially are caused by genetic as well as environmental factors. We here review molecular principles in skeletal development to develop a knowledge base of possible alterations that could explain variations in skeletal element number, shape or size. Environmental agents that induce variations, such as teratogens, likely interact with the molecular pathways that regulate skeletal development.
骨骼变异在人类中很常见,可能由遗传和环境因素引起。我们在此回顾骨骼发育的分子原理,以建立一个知识库,其中包含可能的改变,这些改变可以解释骨骼元素数量、形状或大小的变异。诱导变异的环境因素,如致畸剂,可能与调节骨骼发育的分子途径相互作用。