Cummings Kara L, Waggoner Stephen N, Tacke Robert, Hahn Young S
Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Viral Immunol. 2007 Dec;20(4):505-24. doi: 10.1089/vim.2007.0061.
Complement is activated during the early phase of viral infection and promotes destruction of virus particles as well as the initiation of inflammatory responses. Recently, complement and complement receptors have been reported to play an important role in the regulation of innate as well as adaptive immune responses during infection. The regulation of host immune responses by complement involves modulation of dendritic cell activity in addition to direct effects on T-cell function. Intriguingly, many viruses encode homologs of complement regulatory molecules or proteins that interact with complement receptors on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. The evolution of viral mechanisms to alter complement function may augment pathogen persistence and limit immune-mediated tissue destruction. These observations suggest that complement may play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection as well as virus-mediated modulation of host immunity.
补体在病毒感染的早期阶段被激活，促进病毒颗粒的破坏以及炎症反应的启动。最近，据报道补体和补体受体在感染期间的固有免疫和适应性免疫反应调节中发挥重要作用。补体对宿主免疫反应的调节除了对T细胞功能有直接影响外，还涉及树突状细胞活性的调节。有趣的是，许多病毒编码补体调节分子的同源物或与抗原呈递细胞和淋巴细胞上的补体受体相互作用的蛋白质。改变补体功能的病毒机制的进化可能会增强病原体的持久性并限制免疫介导的组织破坏。这些观察结果表明，补体可能在对感染的固有免疫和适应性免疫反应以及病毒介导的宿主免疫调节中发挥重要作用。
