Gao Bin, Jeong Won-Il, Tian Zhigang
Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):729-36. doi: 10.1002/hep.22034.
Blood circulating from the intestines to the liver is rich in bacterial products, environmental toxins, and food antigens. To effectively and quickly defend against potentially toxic agents without launching harmful immune responses, the liver relies on its strong innate immune system. This comprises enrichment of innate immune cells (such as macrophages, natural killer, natural killer T, and gammadelta T cells) and removal of waste molecules and immunologic elimination of microorganisms by liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. In addition, the liver also plays an important role in controlling systemic innate immunity through the biosynthesis of numerous soluble pathogen-recognition receptors and complement components.
The liver is an organ with predominant innate immunity, playing an important role not only in host defenses against invading microorganisms and tumor transformation but also in liver injury and repair. Recent evidence suggests that innate immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, providing novel therapeutic targets to treat such a liver disorder.
从肠道循环至肝脏的血液富含细菌产物、环境毒素和食物抗原。为了在不引发有害免疫反应的情况下有效且迅速地抵御潜在有毒物质，肝脏依赖其强大的固有免疫系统。这包括固有免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞、自然杀伤T细胞和γδT细胞）的富集，以及肝内皮细胞和库普弗细胞对废物分子的清除和对微生物的免疫清除。此外，肝脏还通过众多可溶性病原体识别受体和补体成分的生物合成，在控制全身固有免疫方面发挥重要作用。
肝脏是一个具有主要固有免疫的器官，不仅在宿主抵御入侵微生物和肿瘤转化方面发挥重要作用，而且在肝损伤和修复中也起重要作用。最近的证据表明，固有免疫也参与肝纤维化的发病机制，为治疗这种肝脏疾病提供了新的治疗靶点。
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