Järvinen-Pasley Anna, Wallace Gregory L, Ramus Franck, Happé Francesca, Heaton Pamela
Goldsmiths College, University of London, UK.
Dev Sci. 2008 Jan;11(1):109-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00644.x.
Theories of autism have proposed that a bias towards low-level perceptual information, or a featural/surface-biased information-processing style, may compromise higher-level language processing in such individuals. Two experiments, utilizing linguistic stimuli with competing low-level/perceptual and high-level/semantic information, tested processing biases in children with autism and matched controls. Whereas children with autism exhibited superior perceptual processing of speech relative to controls, and showed no evidence of either a perceptual or semantic processing bias, controls showed a tendency to process speech semantically. The data provide partial support to the perceptual theories of autism. It is additionally proposed that the pattern of results may reflect different patterns of attentional focusing towards single or multiple stimulus cues in speech between children with autism and controls.
自闭症理论提出，对低层次感知信息的偏向，或基于特征/表面的信息处理方式，可能会损害这类个体的高层次语言处理能力。两项实验利用带有相互竞争的低层次/感知信息和高层次/语义信息的语言刺激，测试了自闭症儿童和匹配对照组的处理偏向。与对照组相比，自闭症儿童在言语的感知处理方面表现更优，且没有表现出感知或语义处理偏向的迹象，而对照组则表现出从语义上处理言语的倾向。这些数据为自闭症的感知理论提供了部分支持。此外，研究还提出，结果模式可能反映出自闭症儿童和对照组在言语中对单一或多个刺激线索的注意力聚焦模式不同。
