Gail Johnston
Macmillan Cancer Support, Macmillan Education Unit, Belfast, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2008 Jan;17(2):242-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02011.x.
To evaluate a one year training scheme for Macmillan Nurses.
The role of the clinical nurse specialist has evolved and expanded greatly over the past few years so that it now encompasses components far beyond the traditional nursing remit of direct clinical practice. While several studies have looked at the barriers and facilitators to this process for clinical nurse specialists in particular, none has looked at the benefits of a structured training scheme which involves both a theoretical and clinical component.
Tape recorded, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of trainees who undertook the scheme, their practice-based facilitators and another person(s) involved in the trainee's support.
Tapes were transcribed verbatim and each transcript anonymized to prevent identification of participants. Data were analysed thematically using the main headings of expectations, experience and impact and the structured prompts from the aide-memoir within these headings.
Results showed that the majority of respondents felt the scheme had been successful with one of the main achievements being that trainees were perceived to be adequately prepared to take on the role of a CNS on completion of the scheme. While the Role Development Programme was thought to provide a good academic structure for the scheme some participants thought that more theory on symptom control and communication skills and a placement in a specialist palliative care centre should also be included.
The Macmillan Trainee Scheme has succeeded in its objectives to facilitate the transition from generalist to specialist nursing. It should be extended to include an induction and consolidation period and more theoretical input on communication skills and symptom control.
With these improvements, the scheme could be used as a standard model for training specialist practitioners and a means to address the current issues of workforce planning.
评估一项针对麦克米伦护士的为期一年的培训计划。
临床护理专家的角色在过去几年中得到了极大的发展和扩展，如今其涵盖的内容远远超出了直接临床实践这一传统护理范畴。虽然已有多项研究专门探讨了临床护理专家在这一过程中的障碍和促进因素，但尚无研究关注包含理论和临床部分的结构化培训计划的益处。
对参与该计划的学员、基于实践的指导教师以及其他参与学员支持工作的人员进行了有目的抽样的录音半结构化访谈。
将录音逐字转录，并对每份转录本进行匿名处理以防止识别参与者。使用期望、经验和影响等主要标题以及这些标题内辅助记忆的结构化提示对数据进行主题分析。
结果显示，大多数受访者认为该计划是成功的，主要成就之一是学员在完成该计划后被认为有充分准备承担临床护理专家的角色。虽然角色发展计划被认为为该计划提供了良好的学术架构，但一些参与者认为还应纳入更多关于症状控制和沟通技巧的理论以及在专科姑息治疗中心的实习安排。
麦克米伦学员计划成功实现了促进从通科护理向专科护理转变的目标。应将其扩展至包括入职培训和巩固期，以及增加关于沟通技巧和症状控制的理论投入。
通过这些改进，该计划可作为培训专科从业者的标准模式以及解决当前劳动力规划问题的一种手段。
