Beverley Peter C L
Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Berkshire, UK.
Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008 Jan;4(1):43-9. doi: 10.1038/ncprheum0671.
Protective memory is a key property of the immune system. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of invading organisms deliver signals to pattern-recognition receptors that activate the innate immune system. Ligation of the T-cell receptor by peptides bound to MHC antigens and presented by dendritic cells, together with signals produced by the activated innate immune system, initiate T-cell responses. The nature of the T-cell response, consisting of phases of clonal expansion and contraction, and differentiation to effector and memory cells, however, is determined both by the properties of the antigen and the co-stimuli produced by the innate immune system. Short-lived effector and longer-lived memory T cells are generated during primary responses; after the death of most of the effectors, memory cells remain. Memory cells are heterogeneous in phenotype and function; subsets include the relatively quiescent central and more activated effector memory cells, as well as cells able to promote inflammation, help antibody production or regulate other immune responses. Understanding the properties of memory cells will help in the rational design of vaccines for 'difficult' organisms or cancer, as well as immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases.
保护性记忆是免疫系统的一个关键特性。入侵生物体的病原体相关分子模式向模式识别受体传递信号，从而激活先天免疫系统。与MHC抗原结合并由树突状细胞呈递的肽与T细胞受体的连接，以及活化的先天免疫系统产生的信号，引发T细胞反应。然而，T细胞反应的性质，包括克隆扩增和收缩阶段以及向效应细胞和记忆细胞的分化，既由抗原的特性决定，也由先天免疫系统产生的共刺激决定。在初次反应期间产生短命的效应细胞和寿命更长的记忆T细胞；在大多数效应细胞死亡后，记忆细胞留存下来。记忆细胞在表型和功能上是异质性的；亚群包括相对静止的中枢记忆细胞和更活化的效应记忆细胞，以及能够促进炎症、帮助抗体产生或调节其他免疫反应的细胞。了解记忆细胞的特性将有助于合理设计针对“难对付”生物体或癌症的疫苗，以及用于自身免疫性疾病的免疫疗法。
