Cahalan Michael D, Parker Ian
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:585-626. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090620.
The immune system is the most diffuse cellular system in the body. Accordingly, long-range migration of cells and short-range communication by local chemical signaling and by cell-cell contacts are vital to the control of an immune response. Cellular homing and migration within lymphoid organs, antigen recognition, and cell signaling and activation are clearly vital during an immune response, but these events had not been directly observed in vivo until recently. Introduced to the field of immunology in 2002, two-photon microscopy is the method of choice for visualizing living cells deep within native tissue environments, and it is now revealing an elegant cellular choreography that underlies the adaptive immune response to antigen challenge. We review cellular dynamics and molecular factors that contribute to basal motility of lymphocytes in the lymph node and cellular interactions leading to antigen capture and recognition, T cell activation, B cell activation, cytolytic effector function, and antibody production.
免疫系统是体内分布最广泛的细胞系统。因此，细胞的长距离迁移以及通过局部化学信号和细胞间接触进行的短距离通讯对于免疫反应的控制至关重要。在免疫反应过程中，淋巴细胞在淋巴器官内的归巢和迁移、抗原识别以及细胞信号传导和激活显然至关重要，但直到最近这些事件才在体内被直接观察到。双光子显微镜于2002年被引入免疫学领域，是用于可视化天然组织环境深处活细胞的首选方法，现在它正在揭示一种精巧的细胞编排，这种编排是对抗原挑战的适应性免疫反应的基础。我们综述了有助于淋巴细胞在淋巴结中基础运动性的细胞动力学和分子因素，以及导致抗原捕获和识别、T细胞激活、B细胞激活、溶细胞效应功能和抗体产生的细胞间相互作用。
