Bleich Sara, Cutler David, Murray Christopher, Adams Alyce
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:273-95. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954.
Obesity has risen dramatically in the past few decades. However, the relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to rising obesity is not known. Moreover, the extent to which social and economic factors tip the energy balance is not well understood. This exploratory study estimates the relative contribution of increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity to obesity in developed countries using two methods of energy accounting. Results show that rising obesity is primarily the result of consuming more calories. We estimate multivariate regression models and use simulation analysis to explore technological and sociodemographic determinants of this dietary excess. Results indicate that the increase in caloric intake is associated with technological innovations as well as changing sociodemographic factors. This review offers useful insights to future research concerned with the etiology of obesity and suggests that obesity-related policies should focus on encouraging lower caloric intake.
在过去几十年里，肥胖现象急剧增加。然而，能量摄入和能量消耗对肥胖率上升的相对贡献尚不清楚。此外，社会和经济因素在多大程度上打破了能量平衡也未得到充分理解。这项探索性研究采用两种能量核算方法，估算了在发达国家热量摄入增加和身体活动减少对肥胖的相对贡献。结果表明，肥胖率上升主要是摄入更多热量的结果。我们估算了多元回归模型，并使用模拟分析来探究这种饮食过量的技术和社会人口学决定因素。结果表明，热量摄入的增加与技术创新以及不断变化的社会人口学因素有关。这篇综述为未来有关肥胖病因的研究提供了有益的见解，并表明与肥胖相关的政策应侧重于鼓励减少热量摄入。
