van Kleunen Mark, Johnson Steven D
Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
Conserv Biol. 2007 Dec;21(6):1537-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00765.x.
Many plant species have been introduced to new continents, but only a small subset of these have become invasive. It has been predicted that self-compatible species, particularly those that do not need the services of pollinators, are more likely to establish and spread after long-distance dispersal. We tested whether this hypothesis, commonly called Baker's law, applies to 361 species that have invaded the United States from Europe. Species capable of autonomous seed production occurred in significantly more states than species requiring a pollen vector. Moreover, of the species that are not capable of autonomous seed production, self-compatible species occurred in significantly more states than those that are not self-compatible. The positive effect of autonomous seed production on the range of invasion was larger for abiotically pollinated species than for biotically pollinated species and for monocarpic species than for polycarpic species. These results support Baker's law, and we recommend that screening protocols for predicting invasiveness of species considered for introduction should include assessment of their breeding system.
许多植物物种已被引入新的大陆，但其中只有一小部分成为了入侵物种。据预测，自花授粉的物种，尤其是那些不需要传粉者服务的物种，在远距离传播后更有可能定殖和扩散。我们测试了这个通常被称为贝克法则的假说是否适用于从欧洲入侵美国的361个物种。能够自主产生种子的物种比需要传粉媒介的物种出现在更多的州。此外，在不能自主产生种子的物种中，自花授粉的物种比非自花授粉的物种出现在更多的州。与生物授粉物种相比，非生物授粉物种中自主种子生产对入侵范围的积极影响更大；与多次结果物种相比，单次结果物种中自主种子生产对入侵范围的积极影响更大。这些结果支持了贝克法则，我们建议用于预测拟引入物种入侵性的筛选方案应包括对其繁殖系统的评估。
