Delort Marie
IUFM, 49 avenue Aristide Briand, 17000 La Rochelle.
Rev Hist Pharm (Paris). 2007 Jul;55(354):173-82. doi: 10.3406/pharm.2007.6330.
In 1844 and in 1853 Charles Gerhardt writes two textbooks about organic chemistry: Précis de chimie organique and Traité de chimie organique. In these textbooks Gerhard presents a way to arrange organic compounds in series. The Traité is more accomplished. The classification has improved. His idea is that all organic compounds are based on four main types (i.e., hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and water). Why did Gerhardt chose to develop his theories in a textbook and not in scientific papers? We can think of a few reasons: in a textbook he could articulate ideas and could give constitency to his theories. It is longer than a paper. Textbook authors are less rescricted. The readers are students.
1844年和1853年，查尔斯·热拉尔撰写了两本关于有机化学的教科书：《有机化学概要》和《有机化学论》。在这些教科书中，热拉尔提出了一种将有机化合物按系列排列的方法。《有机化学论》更为完善，分类也有所改进。他的观点是，所有有机化合物都基于四种主要类型（即氢、氯化氢、氨和水）。为什么热拉尔选择在教科书中而不是在科学论文中发展他的理论呢？我们可以想到几个原因：在教科书中，他可以阐述观点，并使他的理论更具连贯性。教科书比论文篇幅更长。教科书作者受到的限制较少。读者是学生。
