Ludermir Ana Bernarda, Schraiber Lilia B, D'Oliveira Ana F P L, França-Junior Ivan, Jansen Henrica A
Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Soc Sci Med. 2008 Feb;66(4):1008-18. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.10.021.
The World Health Organization considers gender violence a cause of anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts among women. This study investigated the association between violence committed against women by their intimate partners, defined by psychologically, physically and sexually abusive acts, and common mental disorders, assessed by using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). A population-based household survey was carried out among women aged 15-49 years in two sites: São Paulo, the largest Brazilian city, and Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, a region with both urban and rural areas in the Northeast of the country. A large proportion of women reported violence (50.7%). The most frequent forms were psychological violence alone (18.8%) or accompanied by physical violence (16.0%). The prevalence of mental disorders was 49.0% among women who reported any type of violence and 19.6% among those who did not report violence (p<0.0001). After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the nature of the relationship, stressful life events and social support, all the forms of violence studied, with the exception of sexual violence alone or accompanied by either physical or psychological violence (p=0.09), were significantly associated with mental disorders: physical violence alone (OR1.91; CI 95%1.2-3.0), psychological violence alone (OR 2.00; CI 95% 1.5-2.6), sexual violence alone or accompanied by either physical or psychological violence (OR1.80; CI95% 0.9-3.6), both psychological and physical violence (OR 2.56; CI 95% 1.9-3.5) and all three forms of violence (OR 2.68; CI 95% 1.8-4.0). This is the first population-based study on the association between intimate partner violence and mental health in Brazil. It contributes to the existing body of research and confirms that violence, frequently experienced by women in the country, is associated with mental disorders. Policies and strategies aimed at reducing gender-based violence are necessary for preventing and reducing anxiety and depression among women.
世界卫生组织认为性别暴力是导致女性焦虑、抑郁和产生自杀念头的一个原因。本研究调查了亲密伴侣对女性实施的暴力（定义为心理、身体和性虐待行为）与常见精神障碍之间的关联，通过自填式问卷调查（SRQ - 20）对精神障碍进行评估。在两个地区对15至49岁的女性开展了一项基于人群的家庭调查：巴西最大的城市圣保罗，以及该国东北部一个兼具城乡地区的伯南布哥州马塔区。很大一部分女性报告遭受过暴力（50.7%）。最常见的形式是单纯心理暴力（18.8%）或伴有身体暴力（16.0%）。报告遭受任何类型暴力的女性中精神障碍患病率为49.0%，未报告遭受暴力的女性中这一患病率为19.6%（p<0.0001）。在对人口统计学和社会经济特征、关系性质、压力性生活事件及社会支持进行调整后，除单纯性暴力或伴有身体或心理暴力的性暴力外（p = 0.09），所研究的所有暴力形式均与精神障碍显著相关：单纯身体暴力（比值比1.91；95%置信区间1.2 - 3.0）、单纯心理暴力（比值比2.00；95%置信区间1.5 - 2.6）、单纯性暴力或伴有身体或心理暴力的性暴力（比值比1.80；95%置信区间0.9 - 3.6）、心理和身体暴力（比值比2.56；95%置信区间1.9 - 3.5）以及所有三种暴力形式（比值比2.68；95%置信区间1.8 - 4.0）。这是巴西第一项基于人群的关于亲密伴侣暴力与心理健康之间关联的研究。它为现有研究做出了贡献，并证实了该国女性经常经历的暴力与精神障碍有关。旨在减少基于性别的暴力的政策和策略对于预防和减少女性的焦虑和抑郁是必要的。
