Tsai Wen-Tien
Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Sep;99(13):5309-16. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.025. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
The management of food garbage is of great importance because of its high energy consumption, potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In Taiwan, through the competent authorities at all levels and the citizens' participation in sorting household wastes, many recycling efforts have recently been implemented to further utilize it as available resources such as swine feeds and organic fertilizer by composting. As a result, a total of approximately 570 thousand metric tons was recycled with a recycling ratio of about 21.2% on a basis of food garbage generation in 2006, rising over 22% from a year earlier. These figures showed that compulsory garbage sorting has indeed dramatically increased the recycling of food garbage. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss some management considerations in turning food garbage into agricultural resources due to the compulsory garbage sorting directive in Taiwan. The description first aims at the current status in food garbage generation and its recycling, and at the regulatory polices which have become effective since 2000. It also centers on the environmental and agricultural measures on upgrading food garbage recycling. Based on the preliminary analysis of environmental benefit by the Revised 1996 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, it is obvious that composting food garbage is superior to that by traditional treatments (i.e., incineration and sanitary landfill) from the viewpoint of reducing greenhouse gases (i.e., CO(2) and CH(4)) emissions.
由于食物垃圾的高能量消耗、潜在的环境危害和公共健康风险，对其进行管理至关重要。在台湾，通过各级主管部门以及民众参与家庭垃圾分类，最近已开展了许多回收利用工作，通过堆肥将其进一步用作可用资源，如猪饲料和有机肥料。结果，2006年以食物垃圾产生量为基础，共回收了约57万吨，回收率约为21.2%，比上一年增长超过22%。这些数据表明，强制垃圾分类确实极大地提高了食物垃圾的回收率。本文的目的是介绍并讨论由于台湾的强制垃圾分类指令，在将食物垃圾转化为农业资源方面的一些管理考量。描述首先针对食物垃圾产生及其回收利用的现状，以及自2000年以来生效的监管政策。它还聚焦于提升食物垃圾回收利用的环境和农业措施。基于对经修订的1996年政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）《国家温室气体清单指南》的环境效益初步分析，从减少温室气体（即二氧化碳和甲烷）排放的角度来看，食物垃圾堆肥明显优于传统处理方式（即焚烧和卫生填埋）。
