White Tara L, Lejuez C W, de Wit Harriet
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Dec;15(6):599-609. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.15.6.599.
The effects of stimulant drugs on risk-taking behavior vary across individuals, even in healthy samples. These differences could relate to personality, which may share common mechanisms with drug effects or impulsive, risk-taking behavior. The current study investigated the role of temperament and gender in the effects of amphetamine on risk taking. Forty healthy men and women, aged 18 to 35, completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., 2002) with three reward values after ingesting placebo or d-amphetamine (10, 20 mg). They completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form (MPQ-BF; Patrick et al., 2002), with three main scales: Trait reward sensitivity (Agentic Positive Emotionality; AgPEM), impulsivity (Constraint; CON), and negative affect (Negative Emotionality; NEM). d-Amphetamine (20 mg) decreased risk behavior in low AgPEM males, but increased risk behavior in high AgPEM males, producing positive correlations with AgPEM in men (r >or= +.55, p<.05). The drug did not affect risk-taking in women. There was evidence of discriminant validity between the AgPEM, NEM, and CON dimensions and behavioral responses to amphetamine. Implications for treatment and addiction are discussed. (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
兴奋剂药物对冒险行为的影响因人而异，即使在健康样本中也是如此。这些差异可能与人格有关，人格可能与药物作用或冲动冒险行为具有共同的机制。本研究调查了气质和性别在苯丙胺对冒险行为影响中的作用。40名年龄在18至35岁之间的健康男性和女性，在服用安慰剂或右旋苯丙胺（10毫克、20毫克）后，完成了具有三种奖励值的气球模拟风险任务（BART；Lejuez等人，2002年）。他们完成了多维人格问卷简表（MPQ-BF；Patrick等人，2002年），该问卷有三个主要量表：特质奖励敏感性（能动积极情绪性；AgPEM）、冲动性（约束性；CON）和消极情绪（消极情绪性；NEM）。20毫克的右旋苯丙胺降低了低AgPEM男性的风险行为，但增加了高AgPEM男性的风险行为，在男性中与AgPEM呈正相关（r≥+.55，p<.05）。该药物对女性的冒险行为没有影响。有证据表明AgPEM、NEM和CON维度与对苯丙胺的行为反应之间具有判别效度。文中讨论了对治疗和成瘾的启示。（c）2008美国心理学会，保留所有权利。
