White Tara L, Lott David C, de Wit Harriet
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 May;31(5):1064-74. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300939.
Individual differences in the positive mood and other subjective effects of d-amphetamine have been linked to personality traits related to sensation seeking. The current study extends these associations to separate personality traits of reward sensitivity, physical fearlessness, and impulsivity. A total of 128 healthy volunteers received oral doses of d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg) or placebo in counterbalanced order. Their responses to the drug were measured using the Profile of Mood States, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Participants completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form to assess personality traits related to reward sensitivity (Agentic Positive Emotionality and Social Potency (SP)), physical fear (Harm Avoidance (HA)), and impulsivity (Control (CL)). Participants were rank ordered on each trait, and individuals with scores in the top and bottom thirds of scores on each trait were compared using ANCOVA. High trait physical fearlessness (low HA) was associated with greater positive activational effects of 10 mg d-amphetamine. High trait reward sensitivity (high SP) was marginally associated with greater positive activational effects of 20 mg d-amphetamine. High trait impulsivity (low CL) was unrelated to positive drug effects in response either dose. The two separate personality traits of physical fearlessness and reward sensitivity are associated with d-amphetamine effects on mood in healthy volunteers. Implications for the vulnerability to psychostimulant addiction in healthy nonaddicts are discussed.
右旋苯丙胺产生的积极情绪及其他主观效应方面的个体差异，已与寻求刺激相关的人格特质联系起来。当前的研究将这些关联扩展至奖励敏感性、身体无畏和冲动性等不同的人格特质。共有128名健康志愿者以平衡顺序口服了右旋苯丙胺（10毫克和20毫克）或安慰剂。使用情绪状态剖面图、成瘾研究中心量表和药物效应问卷来测量他们对药物的反应。参与者完成了多维人格问卷简表，以评估与奖励敏感性（能动积极情绪和社交效能（SP））、身体恐惧（回避伤害（HA））和冲动性（控制（CL））相关的人格特质。根据每个特质对参与者进行排名，并使用协方差分析比较每个特质得分处于前三分位和后三分位的个体。高身体无畏特质（低HA）与10毫克右旋苯丙胺产生的更大积极激活效应相关。高奖励敏感性特质（高SP）与20毫克右旋苯丙胺产生的更大积极激活效应存在微弱关联。高冲动性特质（低CL）与两种剂量的药物产生的积极效应均无关。身体无畏和奖励敏感性这两种不同的人格特质与右旋苯丙胺对健康志愿者情绪的影响相关。文中讨论了对健康非成瘾者中精神兴奋剂成瘾易感性的影响。
