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生态位特化解释湖泊鱼类群落中物种-能量关系的证据。

Evidence that niche specialization explains species-energy relationships in lake fish communities.

作者信息

Mason Norman W H, Irz Pascal, Lanoiselée Cédric, Mouillot David, Argillier Christine

机构信息

Unite de Recherche Hydrobiologie, CEMAGREF, 361, rue Jean-François Breton BP 5095-34196 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2008 Mar;77(2):285-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01350.x. Epub 2007 Dec 20.

Abstract
  1. Interspecific niche differences have long been identified as a major explanation for the occurrence of species-rich communities. However, much fieldwork studying variation in local species richness has focused upon physical habitat attributes or regional factors, such as the size of the regional species pool. 2. We applied indices of functional diversity and niche overlap to data on the species niche to examine the importance of interspecific niche differentiation for species richness in French lake fish communities. We combined this information with environmental data to test generalizations of the physiological tolerance and niche specialization hypotheses for species-energy relationships. 3. We found evidence for a largely non-saturating relationship (relative to random expectation) between species richness and functional evenness (evenness of spacing between species in niche space), while functional richness (volume of niche space occupied) peaked at moderate levels of species richness and niche overlap showed an initial decrease followed by saturation. This suggests that increased niche specialization may have allowed species to coexist in the most species-rich communities. 4. We tested for evidence that increased temperature, local habitat area, local habitat diversity and immigration affected species richness via increased niche specialization. Temperature explained by far the largest amount of variation in species richness, functional diversity and niche overlap. These results, combined with the largely non-saturating species richness-functional evenness relationship, suggest that increased temperature may have permitted increased species richness by allowing increased niche specialization. 5. These results emphasize the importance of niche differences for species coexistence in species-rich communities, and indicate that the conservation of functional diversity may be vital for the maintenance of species diversity in biological communities. Our approach may be applied readily to many types of community, and at any scale, thus providing a flexible means of testing niche-based hypotheses for species richness gradients.
摘要
  1. 种间生态位差异长期以来一直被认为是物种丰富群落出现的主要解释。然而,许多研究当地物种丰富度变化的实地调查都集中在物理栖息地属性或区域因素上,比如区域物种库的大小。2. 我们将功能多样性和生态位重叠指数应用于物种生态位数据,以检验种间生态位分化对法国湖泊鱼类群落物种丰富度的重要性。我们将这些信息与环境数据相结合,以检验关于物种 - 能量关系的生理耐受性和生态位特化假说的普遍性。3. 我们发现,物种丰富度与功能均匀度(生态位空间中物种之间间距的均匀度)之间存在很大程度上不饱和的关系(相对于随机预期),而功能丰富度(所占据的生态位空间体积)在物种丰富度处于中等水平时达到峰值,生态位重叠则呈现出先下降后饱和的趋势。这表明生态位特化的增加可能使物种能够在物种最丰富的群落中共存。4. 我们检验了温度升高、当地栖息地面积、当地栖息地多样性和迁入通过增加生态位特化影响物种丰富度的证据。温度解释了物种丰富度、功能多样性和生态位重叠中迄今为止最大量的变异。这些结果,再加上物种丰富度与功能均匀度之间很大程度上不饱和的关系,表明温度升高可能通过允许增加生态位特化而使物种丰富度增加。5. 这些结果强调了生态位差异对于物种丰富群落中物种共存的重要性,并表明功能多样性的保护对于生物群落中物种多样性的维持可能至关重要。我们的方法可以很容易地应用于许多类型的群落,并且适用于任何尺度,从而为检验基于生态位的物种丰富度梯度假说提供了一种灵活的手段。

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