Outterson Kevin, Kesselheim Aaron S
Boston University School of Law, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Jan-Feb;27(1):130-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.27.1.130.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines hold great promise for preventing cervical cancer, but 93 percent of mortality worldwide occurs in low- and middle-income countries, where high vaccine costs can restrict dissemination. Current models for promoting international access to health care innovations include differential pricing, advance market commitments, and voluntary and compulsory licensing. Some of these mechanisms have been effective, but much room for improvement remains. We discuss the usefulness of a new type of license that uses market forces to lower prices through generic competition in low- and middle-income countries while ensuring that pharmaceutical companies are appropriately reimbursed for their research and development.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗在预防宫颈癌方面前景广阔，但全球93%的宫颈癌死亡病例发生在低收入和中等收入国家，高昂的疫苗成本可能会限制其推广。当前促进国际获取医疗保健创新的模式包括差别定价、预先市场承诺以及自愿和强制许可。其中一些机制已取得成效，但仍有很大的改进空间。我们探讨了一种新型许可的效用，该许可利用市场力量，通过在低收入和中等收入国家开展仿制药竞争来降低价格，同时确保制药公司在研发方面能得到适当补偿。
