Haley Barbara, Frenkel Eugene
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harold Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Urol Oncol. 2008 Jan-Feb;26(1):57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.03.015.
Nanoparticles (size in nanometer range) provide a new mode of cancer drug delivery functioning as a carrier for entry through fenestrations in tumor vasculature allowing direct cell access. These particles allow exquisite modification for binding to cancer cell membranes, the microenvironment, or to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor sites. This results in delivery of high drug concentrations to the targeted cancer cell, with reduced toxicity of normal tissue. Several such engineered drugs are in clinical practice, including liposomal doxorubicin and albumin conjugate paclitaxel. The carrier mediated paclitaxel has already shown significant efficacy in taxane resistant cancers, an approach highly relevant in prostate cancer, where taxanes are the treatment of choice. Other modifications including transferrin receptor and folate receptor targeted drug delivery molecules are in study. This new technology provides many exciting therapeutic approaches for targeted high concentration drug delivery to cancer cells with reduced injury of normal cells.
纳米颗粒（尺寸在纳米范围内）为癌症药物递送提供了一种新模式，作为载体通过肿瘤脉管系统的窗孔进入，从而实现直接的细胞接触。这些颗粒可以进行精细修饰，以结合癌细胞膜、微环境或细胞质或核受体位点。这使得高浓度药物能够递送至靶向癌细胞，同时降低对正常组织的毒性。几种这样的工程药物已应用于临床实践，包括脂质体阿霉素和白蛋白结合型紫杉醇。载体介导的紫杉醇已在紫杉烷耐药性癌症中显示出显著疗效，这种方法在前列腺癌中高度相关，因为紫杉烷是前列腺癌的首选治疗药物。其他修饰，包括转铁蛋白受体和叶酸受体靶向药物递送分子，也在研究中。这项新技术为向癌细胞靶向递送高浓度药物提供了许多令人兴奋的治疗方法，同时减少对正常细胞的损伤。
