Heinecke Kristin, Weise Cornelia, Schwarz Kristin, Rief Winfried
Section Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
J Behav Med. 2008 Jun;31(3):179-88. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9145-0. Epub 2008 Jan 12.
Several models of tinnitus maintenance emphasize the importance of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological processes. These factors contribute to distress in patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms. We investigated whether tinnitus patients show increased physiological levels of arousal, more intense stress reactivity patterns and exaggerated psychological strain compared to healthy controls. Seventy tinnitus patients and 55 healthy controls underwent various stress tests. Muscular reactivity and peripheral arousal as well as strain ratings were assessed. Tinnitus patients reported significantly more strain during stress tests compared to healthy controls. Few physiological reactivity patterns differed significantly between the two groups. The physiological data thus only partly supported a hyperreactivity hypothesis. Strain reports and physiological data were only marginally correlated. Tinnitus patients show maladaptive appraisal processes during stress exposure, yet physiological reactivity is only slightly affected. Treatment programs for patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms should account for appraisal processes and coping mechanisms in stressful situations.
耳鸣维持的几种模型强调了认知、情感和心理生理过程的重要性。这些因素导致耳鸣症状失代偿患者出现痛苦。我们研究了与健康对照组相比，耳鸣患者是否表现出更高的生理唤醒水平、更强烈的应激反应模式和过度的心理压力。70名耳鸣患者和55名健康对照者接受了各种应激测试。评估了肌肉反应性、外周唤醒以及压力评级。与健康对照组相比，耳鸣患者在应激测试中报告的压力明显更多。两组之间很少有生理反应模式存在显著差异。因此，生理数据仅部分支持高反应性假说。压力报告和生理数据仅存在微弱的相关性。耳鸣患者在应激暴露期间表现出适应不良的评估过程，但生理反应仅受到轻微影响。针对耳鸣症状失代偿患者的治疗方案应考虑到应激情况下的评估过程和应对机制。
