Orban Guy A
Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, K. U. Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium.
Physiol Rev. 2008 Jan;88(1):59-89. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2007.
The extrastriate cortex of primates encompasses a substantial portion of the cerebral cortex and is devoted to the higher order processing of visual signals and their dispatch to other parts of the brain. A first step towards the understanding of the function of this cortical tissue is a description of the selectivities of the various neuronal populations for higher order aspects of the image. These selectivities present in the various extrastriate areas support many diverse representations of the scene before the subject. The list of the known selectivities includes that for pattern direction and speed gradients in middle temporal/V5 area; for heading in medial superior temporal visual area, dorsal part; for orientation of nonluminance contours in V2 and V4; for curved boundary fragments in V4 and shape parts in infero-temporal area (IT); and for curvature and orientation in depth from disparity in IT and CIP. The most common putative mechanism for generating such emergent selectivity is the pattern of excitatory and inhibitory linear inputs from the afferent area combined with nonlinear mechanisms in the afferent and receiving area.
灵长类动物的纹外皮层占据了大脑皮层的很大一部分，专门负责视觉信号的高级处理，并将其发送到大脑的其他部位。理解这种皮质组织功能的第一步是描述各种神经元群体对图像高阶特征的选择性。这些存在于不同纹外区域的选择性支持了主体面前场景的多种不同表征。已知的选择性列表包括：中颞叶/V5区域对图案方向和速度梯度的选择性；内侧颞上视觉区域背侧部分对朝向的选择性；V2和V4区域对非亮度轮廓方向的选择性；V4区域对弯曲边界片段以及颞下区域（IT）对形状部分的选择性；IT和CIP区域根据视差对深度中的曲率和方向的选择性。产生这种新兴选择性的最常见假定机制是来自传入区域的兴奋性和抑制性线性输入模式，以及传入和接收区域中的非线性机制。
