Symons F J, Shinde S K, Gilles E
Department of Educational Psychology, Education Sciences Building, 56 River Road, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008 Apr;52(Pt 4):275-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01037.x. Epub 2008 Jan 16.
Historically, individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have been excluded from pain research and assumed to be insensitive or indifferent to pain. The weight of the evidence suggests that individuals with ID have been subject to practices and procedures with little regard for their ability to experience or express pain. A number of issues central to improving understanding of pain in ID will be introduced and current research related to the definition of pain and its social context, underlying sensory and metabolic systems and factors influencing judgments about the ability to experience pain will be reviewed. Accumulating evidence from interdisciplinary research designed to improve assessment, understand individual differences, and evaluate bias and beliefs about pain suggests that new perspectives are emerging and beginning to shape an innovative frontier of research that will ultimately pay tremendous dividends for improving the quality of life of individuals with ID.
从历史上看，智力残疾（ID）患者一直被排除在疼痛研究之外，并且被认为对疼痛不敏感或漠不关心。大量证据表明，智力残疾患者一直遭受一些做法和程序的对待，而这些做法和程序几乎没有考虑到他们体验或表达疼痛的能力。将介绍一些对于增进对智力残疾患者疼痛理解至关重要的问题，并对当前与疼痛定义及其社会背景、潜在感觉和代谢系统以及影响对疼痛体验能力判断的因素相关的研究进行综述。旨在改善评估、理解个体差异以及评估对疼痛的偏见和信念的跨学科研究积累的证据表明，新的观点正在出现，并开始塑造一个创新的研究前沿，这最终将为提高智力残疾患者的生活质量带来巨大收益。
