Woodcock Kathryn
School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Jan;40(1):89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.04.007. Epub 2007 May 22.
Accident investigations influence public perceptions and safety management strategies by determining the amount and type of information learned about the accident. To examine the factors considered in investigations, this study used a content analysis of 100 consecutive media reports of amusement ride accidents from an online media archive. Fatalities were overrepresented in the media dataset compared with U.S. national estimates. For analysis of reports, a modified "Haddon matrix" was developed using human-factors categories. This approach was useful to show differences between the proportions and types of factors considered in the different accident stages and between employee and rider accidents. Employee injury accounts primarily referred to the employee's task and to the employee. Rider injury reports were primarily related to the ride device itself and rarely referred to the rider's "task", social influences, or the rider's own actions, and only some reference to their characteristics. Qualitatively, it was evident that more human factors analysis is required to augment scant pre-failure information about the task, social environment, and the person, to make that information available for prevention of amusement ride accidents. By design, this study reflected information reported by the media. Future work will use the same techniques with official reports.
事故调查通过确定所了解到的事故信息的数量和类型，影响公众认知和安全管理策略。为了研究调查中所考虑的因素，本研究对在线媒体档案中连续100篇游乐设施事故的媒体报道进行了内容分析。与美国国家估计数相比，媒体数据集中的死亡人数占比过高。为了分析报道，使用人为因素类别开发了一种改良的“哈登矩阵”。这种方法有助于显示在不同事故阶段所考虑的因素的比例和类型之间，以及员工事故和乘客事故之间的差异。员工受伤报告主要涉及员工的任务和员工本人。乘客受伤报告主要与游乐设施本身有关，很少提及乘客的“任务”、社会影响或乘客自身的行为，仅部分提及他们的特征。从定性角度看，显然需要进行更多的人为因素分析，以补充关于任务、社会环境和人员的极少的故障前信息，以便将这些信息用于预防游乐设施事故。从设计角度看，本研究反映了媒体报道的信息。未来的工作将对官方报告使用相同的技术。
