Linn Mary Morse, Ball Robert A, Maradiegue Ann
Adult Practice Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Urol Nurs. 2007 Dec;27(6):481-9; quiz 490.
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is the most commonly utilized test to detect early prostate malignancy. Elevated PSA levels suggest to providers the possibility that their patients are at a higher statistical risk of harboring asymptomatic, organ-confined prostate cancer. Although PSA testing has become a primary screening method for prostate cancer in the United States, this test has come under scrutiny. PSA screening lacks a high level of specificity due to frequent false-positive results. Additionally, major health organizations differ in their screening recommendations for use of the PSA test. However, the medical community, and more importantly, patients, must understand the benefits and possible detriments of this screening test. Providers should approach each man individually when recommending a PSA test, noting that many risk factors must be considered in a screening protocol for prostate cancer.
前列腺癌是美国男性中最常被诊断出的癌症。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）血液检测是检测早期前列腺恶性肿瘤最常用的检测方法。PSA水平升高向医疗服务提供者表明，他们的患者患有无症状、局限于器官的前列腺癌的统计学风险较高。尽管PSA检测已成为美国前列腺癌的主要筛查方法，但该检测已受到审查。由于频繁出现假阳性结果，PSA筛查缺乏高度的特异性。此外，主要卫生组织在PSA检测的筛查建议上存在差异。然而，医学界，更重要的是患者，必须了解这种筛查检测的益处和可能的危害。医疗服务提供者在推荐PSA检测时应因人而异，指出在前列腺癌筛查方案中必须考虑许多风险因素。
