Lin Li-Yun, Peng Chiung-Chi, Yang Ya-Lu, Peng Robert Y
Department of Food and Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, Taiwan.
J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Feb 27;56(4):1216-23. doi: 10.1021/jf072886x. Epub 2008 Jan 24.
Nutrient levels in buckwheats that were maximized in day 8 sprouts (D8SP) included total phenolics, quercetin, and l-ascorbic acid, whereas those of oxalic, malic, tartaric, and citric acids, rutin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were found to reach maximum levels on day 10. Ethanolic extract of D8SP (2.5 mg/mL) revealed potent free-radical scavenging (FRS) and antioxidative (ANO) capabilities. However, its Fe2+-chelating capability was only moderate. To further study the hypolipidemic activity of D8SP, 36 Syrian hamsters were grouped into six groups and fed for 28 days, respectively, with (i) control meal, (ii) high fat plus high cholesterol meal, (iii) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 2.5% of buckwheat seeds, (iv) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 25% of buckwheat seeds, (v) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 2.5% of D8SP, and (vi) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 25% of D8SP. High seed meal prominently enhanced body weight gain, whereas high sprout meal exhibited the highest feed efficiency. Ratios of liver/body weight (L/B) were significantly lowered by all BS meals. Although low seed meal reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) levels (p<0.05), its effect was still inferior to the high seed and sprout meals (p<0.01). In contrast, serum triglyceride (TG) levels were lowered only by the high seed and sprout meals (p<0.05). Alternatively, levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly suppressed by all buckwheat meals (p<0.01). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased, however, insignificantly. Nutraceutically more meaningful is that both LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were significantly lowered (p<0.01). Apparently, hepatic TC levels were significantly reduced, whereas hepatic TG levels were totally unaffected. Conclusively, sprouting triggers a variety of nutritional changes in buckwheats. Day 8 sprouts, consisting of high polyphenolic and moderate quercetin contents, are nutraceutically maximized when hypocholesterolemic, hypotriglyceridemic, and antioxidative activities are concerned.
在第8天的荞麦芽(D8SP)中含量达到最高的营养成分包括总酚、槲皮素和L-抗坏血酸,而草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸、芦丁以及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的含量在第10天达到最高水平。D8SP的乙醇提取物(2.5毫克/毫升)显示出强大的自由基清除(FRS)和抗氧化(ANO)能力。然而,其亚铁离子螯合能力仅为中等水平。为了进一步研究D8SP的降血脂活性,将36只叙利亚仓鼠分为六组,分别喂食(i)对照餐,(ii)高脂肪加高胆固醇餐,(iii)高脂肪加高胆固醇加2.5%的荞麦种子,(iv)高脂肪加高胆固醇加25%的荞麦种子,(v)高脂肪加高胆固醇加2.5%的D8SP,以及(vi)高脂肪加高胆固醇加25%的D8SP。高种子餐显著提高了体重增加,而高芽餐表现出最高的饲料效率。所有荞麦餐均显著降低了肝/体重(L/B)比值。虽然低种子餐降低了血清总胆固醇(TC)水平(p<0.05),但其效果仍不如高种子餐和高芽餐(p<0.01)。相比之下,只有高种子餐和高芽餐降低了血清甘油三酯(TG)水平(p<0.05)。另外,所有荞麦餐均显著抑制了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平(p<0.01)。血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平有所升高,但不显著。从营养保健角度更有意义的是,LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C比值均显著降低(p<0.01)。显然,肝脏TC水平显著降低,而肝脏TG水平完全不受影响。总之,发芽引发了荞麦的多种营养变化。就降胆固醇、降甘油三酯和抗氧化活性而言,第8天的芽含有高含量的多酚和中等含量的槲皮素,在营养保健方面达到了最大化。