Crewther David P, Lawson Murray L, Crewther Sheila G
Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
J Vis. 2007 Dec 5;7(14):9.1-12. doi: 10.1167/7.14.9.
This study examines the attentional blink (AB) under conditions where attention was directed either to the overall (global) or to the component (local) form of compound Navon letters. Forty-five adult participants were presented RSVP sequences of compound letter stimuli and were asked to identify the prescribed attentional aspect of a red target letter (T1) and to detect the presence of a second item (T2 = letter X), again of specified global or local aspect. Trials were presented at either four or six letter forms per second (f/s). We report that the AB estimated from the mean performance across participants is much longer (1.5-2.5 s) than that reported previously with single letter RSVP (200-500 ms). A lag-1 sparing effect was not observed when data were filtered for correct identification of T1. Characteristic rapid (initial) and slower (later) recovery phases suggested the use of a bilinear ("knee") recovery model, possibly identifying a novel slow recovery mechanism for the AB when its duration is sufficiently long. However, it is proposed that the duration of the AB should be analyzed by estimation of each individual's AB prior to group analysis. Analysis of individual bilinear fits to the data shows a significant effect of attentional condition for the 4 f/s data, with more rapid recovery for Global-Global (GG) than Local-Local (LL) target conditions, consistent with the global precedence hypothesis. While the 6 f/s data did not demonstrate such differences between attentional conditions, it was at the expense of T1 identification performance with significantly poorer T1 identification for the LL cf GG conditions. Individual fits also demonstrate that the later slow recovery phase seen in the population mean data is clearly a result of pooling of the data from individuals reaching ceiling performance in recovery at different times. Analysis of the trials in which T1 was incorrectly identified yielded an attentional blink for T2 with delayed recovery and a manifest lag-1 sparing effect. This suggests, in the framework of the two stage model, that the duration of gate opening for target recognition requires sufficient certainty of recognition prior to closure, rather than being a fixed, process-related time.
本研究考察了在注意力指向复合纳冯字母的整体（全局）或组成部分（局部）形式的条件下的注意瞬脱（AB）现象。45名成年参与者观看了复合字母刺激的快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP），并被要求识别红色目标字母（T1）的指定注意方面，以及检测第二个项目（T2 = 字母X）的存在，T2同样具有指定的全局或局部方面。试验以每秒四个或六个字母形式呈现。我们报告，根据参与者的平均表现估计的AB比之前单字母RSVP报告的要长得多（1.5 - 2.5秒）（200 - 500毫秒）。当对数据进行筛选以正确识别T1时，未观察到滞后1的节省效应。特征性的快速（初始）和较慢（后期）恢复阶段表明使用了双线性（“拐点”）恢复模型，这可能在AB持续时间足够长时识别出一种新的AB慢恢复机制。然而，建议在进行组分析之前，通过估计每个个体的AB来分析AB的持续时间。对数据的个体双线性拟合分析表明，对于4帧/秒的数据，注意条件有显著影响，全局-全局（GG）目标条件下的恢复比局部-局部（LL）目标条件下更快，这与全局优先假设一致。虽然6帧/秒的数据在注意条件之间没有显示出这种差异，但代价是T1识别性能，LL条件下的T1识别明显比GG条件下差。个体拟合还表明，在总体均值数据中看到的后期慢恢复阶段显然是由于在不同时间达到恢复上限性能的个体数据汇总的结果。对T1被错误识别的试验进行分析，得到了T2的注意瞬脱，恢复延迟且有明显的滞后1节省效应。在两阶段模型的框架下，这表明目标识别的门打开持续时间在关闭之前需要足够的识别确定性，而不是一个固定的、与过程相关的时间。
