Caswell Jeff L, Archambault Marie
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2007 Dec;8(2):161-86. doi: 10.1017/S1466252307001351.
Mycoplasma bovis is an important and emerging cause of respiratory disease and arthritis in feedlot cattle and young dairy and veal calves, and has a variety of other disease manifestations in cattle. M. bovis is certainly capable of causing acute respiratory disease in cattle, yet the attributable fraction has been difficult to estimate. In contrast, M. bovis is more accepted as a cause of chronic bronchopneumonia with caseous and perhaps coagulative necrosis, characterized by persistent infection that seems poorly responsive to many antibiotics. An understanding of the disease has been recently advanced by comparisons of natural and experimentally induced disease, development of molecular diagnostic tools, and understanding some aspects of virulence, yet uncertainties regarding protective immunity, the importance of genotypic diversity, mechanisms of virulence, and the role of co-pathogens have restricted our understanding of pathogenesis and our ability to effectively control the disease. This review critically considers the relationship between M. bovis infection and the various manifestations of the bovine respiratory disease complex, and addresses the pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic sequelae, laboratory diagnosis and control of disease resulting from M. bovis infection in the bovine respiratory tract.
牛支原体是育肥牛以及幼年奶牛和犊牛呼吸道疾病和关节炎的一种重要且新出现的病因，并且在牛身上还有多种其他疾病表现。牛支原体肯定能够引起牛的急性呼吸道疾病，但其归因比例一直难以估计。相比之下，牛支原体作为伴有干酪样甚至可能凝固性坏死的慢性支气管肺炎的病因更被认可，其特征是持续感染，似乎对许多抗生素反应不佳。通过对自然感染和实验诱导感染的比较、分子诊断工具的开发以及对毒力某些方面的了解，最近对该疾病的认识有所进展，但关于保护性免疫、基因多样性的重要性、毒力机制以及共病原体的作用等方面的不确定性，限制了我们对发病机制的理解以及有效控制该疾病的能力。这篇综述批判性地考虑了牛支原体感染与牛呼吸道疾病综合征各种表现之间的关系，并阐述了牛呼吸道中牛支原体感染所致疾病的发病机制、临床和病理后果、实验室诊断及疾病控制。
