Wood D M, Button J, Ashraf T, Walker S, Greene S L, Drake N, Ramsey J, Holt D W, Dargan P I
Guy's and St. Thomas Poisons Unit, Avonley Road, London SE14 5ER, UK.
QJM. 2008 Mar;101(3):207-13. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm133. Epub 2008 Jan 25.
There is increasing interest in whether methamphetamine is an emerging recreational drug in the UK.
To determine what evidence is there that methamphetamine use is an emerging drug in the UK compared to established recreational drugs such as MDMA.
We undertook a retrospective study collating data on the number of enquiries to both our poisons centre and the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) relating to all recreational drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA; presentations to our Emergency Department (ED) with acute methamphetamine toxicity and the frequency of positive urine tests for methamphetamine and MDMA in workplace drug screening programmes.
There was a small increase in the number of methamphetamine-related calls to our poisons centre, but it remained uncommon (0.1% of all recreational drugs cases in 2000 to 1.23% in 2006) compared to MDMA (17.3-42.7% of all recreational drugs cases). The number of 2005/6 enquiries to the UK NPIS for methamphetamine was 12, compared to 455 MDMA enquiries (0.014 and 0.52% of all enquiries, respectively). There were five presentations to our ED relating to methamphetamine over a 15-month period compared to 171 for MDMA. Of the 254 440 urine samples screened for the presence of drugs in the workplace (2000-06), three were positive for methamphetamine and 147 for MDMA.
There is no evidence of increasing use of methamphetamine or that acute methamphetamine poisoning is a significant clinical problem compared to established recreational drugs such as MDMA. In our opinion, healthcare, educational and law enforcement resources should be proportionally directed towards tackling drugs that pose an immediate and continuing healthcare risk to the population rather than emerging recreational drugs.
甲基苯丙胺是否已成为英国一种新出现的消遣性毒品，这一问题正引发越来越多的关注。
确定与诸如摇头丸等已有的消遣性毒品相比，有哪些证据表明甲基苯丙胺的使用在英国已成为一种新出现的毒品。
我们开展了一项回顾性研究，整理了与所有消遣性毒品、甲基苯丙胺和摇头丸相关的，向我们毒物中心及英国国家毒物信息服务中心（NPIS）咨询的数量数据；因急性甲基苯丙胺中毒到我们急诊科就诊的情况；以及工作场所毒品筛查项目中甲基苯丙胺和摇头丸尿液检测呈阳性的频率。
我们毒物中心接到的与甲基苯丙胺相关的咨询数量有小幅增加，但与摇头丸相比（占所有消遣性毒品案例的17.3 - 42.7%），其仍不常见（从2000年占所有消遣性毒品案例的0.1%增至2006年的1.23%）。2005/6年度向英国NPIS咨询甲基苯丙胺的数量为12次，而咨询摇头丸的数量为455次（分别占所有咨询的0.014%和0.52%）。在15个月期间，有5例因甲基苯丙胺中毒到我们急诊科就诊，而因摇头丸中毒就诊的有171例。在工作场所筛查毒品存在情况的254440份尿液样本中（2000 - 2006年），3份甲基苯丙胺检测呈阳性，147份摇头丸检测呈阳性。
没有证据表明甲基苯丙胺的使用在增加，或者与诸如摇头丸等已有的消遣性毒品相比，急性甲基苯丙胺中毒是一个严重的临床问题。我们认为，医疗、教育和执法资源应按比例用于应对那些对人群构成直接且持续健康风险的毒品，而非新出现的消遣性毒品。
