Wood D M, Hill S L, Thomas S H L, Dargan P I
Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Kings Health Partners, London, UK; King's College London, London, UK.
Drug Test Anal. 2014 Jul-Aug;6(7-8):850-60. doi: 10.1002/dta.1671. Epub 2014 May 15.
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) can cause significant acute toxicity but usually little is known about their toxicity when they enter the recreational drug scene. Current data sources include online user forums, user questionnaires, case reports/series, and deaths; however, these are limited by their focus on sub-populations and generally include severe cases and specific geographical areas. Approximately 54% of countries have at least one poisons information service (in 2012 there were 274 worldwide) providing advice to healthcare professionals and/or the public on poisoning. They provide advice on recreational drug and NPS toxicity. In 2012, 2.5% of telephone enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service and 2.4% of enquiries to US poisons centres related to recreational drugs. Data are collected at population level and can be used to complement other data sources with clinical details on acute NPS toxicity and geographical/time patterns of toxicity. Like other acute NPS toxicity data, poisons centre data should be interpreted within their limitations, notably the absence of analytical confirmation and reliance on secondary reporting of clinical features. This manuscript demonstrates the breadth and depth of poisons information service data in the literature with a focus on mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists. In our opinion it would be possible to develop a more robust and systematic reporting system using a network of poisons information services both within and across countries that would be complimentary to other datasets on acute NPS toxicity and allow more accurate data triangulation.
新型精神活性物质（NPS）可导致严重的急性毒性，但当它们进入娱乐性毒品领域时，人们通常对其毒性知之甚少。当前的数据来源包括在线用户论坛、用户问卷、病例报告/系列以及死亡案例；然而，这些数据来源存在局限性，因为它们主要关注特定亚人群，并且通常涵盖的是严重病例以及特定地理区域。大约54%的国家至少设有一个毒物信息服务机构（2012年全球共有274个），为医疗专业人员和/或公众提供中毒方面的建议。这些机构提供有关娱乐性毒品和NPS毒性的建议。2012年，英国国家毒物信息服务机构接到的电话咨询中，2.5%与娱乐性毒品有关，美国毒物中心接到的咨询中，2.4%与娱乐性毒品有关。数据是在人群层面收集的，可用于补充其他数据来源，提供关于急性NPS毒性的临床细节以及毒性的地理/时间模式。与其他急性NPS毒性数据一样，毒物中心的数据应在其局限性范围内进行解读，尤其是缺乏分析确认以及依赖临床特征的二次报告。本手稿展示了文献中毒物信息服务数据的广度和深度，重点关注甲麻黄碱和合成大麻素受体激动剂。我们认为，利用国内和跨国的毒物信息服务网络，有可能开发出一个更强大、更系统的报告系统，该系统将补充其他关于急性NPS毒性的数据集，并实现更准确的数据三角测量。
