Moussavi Nadiah, Gavino Victor, Receveur Olivier
Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jan;16(1):7-15. doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.14.
This review focuses on the possible association between types of fatty acids and weight change. It examines the biological plausibility underlining these associations and the evidence obtained to date from clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Animal studies have shown that dietary short- and medium-chain fatty acids compared to long-chain fatty acids appear to promote weight loss. Similarly, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) appear to favor weight loss compared to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in human studies. The structure of fatty acids seems to affect their degree of oxidation and deposition. Although results are conflicting, human studies follow the general trend reported in animal studies. These trials suggest that some fatty acids are prone to oxidation and some others lead to fat storage when comparing isocaloric diets. For instance, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids are preferentially oxidizied to other PUFA but results remain inconsistent. Epidemiological studies concerning this issue reported that total dietary fat, which includes MUFA, PUFA, and SFA could increase the risk of obesity, but results are few and conflicting. The rising biological plausibility linking dietary fat quality and risk of obesity, together with the rather recent addition of fatty acids content in food composition tables, support the need for major epidemiological studies in that area.
本综述聚焦于脂肪酸类型与体重变化之间的可能关联。它审视了这些关联背后的生物学合理性，以及迄今为止从临床试验和流行病学研究中获得的证据。动物研究表明，与长链脂肪酸相比，膳食中的短链和中链脂肪酸似乎能促进体重减轻。同样，在人体研究中，与饱和脂肪酸（SFA）相比，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）似乎有利于体重减轻。脂肪酸的结构似乎会影响其氧化程度和沉积情况。尽管结果存在矛盾，但人体研究遵循了动物研究报告的总体趋势。这些试验表明，在比较等热量饮食时，一些脂肪酸易于氧化，而另一些则会导致脂肪储存。例如，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸比其他PUFA更易被优先氧化，但结果仍不一致。关于这个问题的流行病学研究报告称，包括MUFA、PUFA和SFA在内的膳食总脂肪会增加肥胖风险，但相关研究较少且结果相互矛盾。将膳食脂肪质量与肥胖风险联系起来的生物学合理性不断增加，再加上食物成分表中最近才添加脂肪酸含量，这支持了在该领域开展重大流行病学研究的必要性。
