James A C, Sasser L B, Stuit D B, Wood T G, Glover S E, Lynch T P, Dagle G E
U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2007;127(1-4):114-9. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncm467. Epub 2008 Jan 28.
This whole body donation case (USTUR Registrant) involved two suspected PuO2 inhalation intakes, each indicated by a measurable Pu alpha activity in a single urine sample, followed about 1(1/2) y later by a puncture wound to the thumb while working in a Pu glovebox. The study is concerned with modelling simultaneously the biokinetics of deposition and retention in the respiratory tract and at the wound site; and the biokinetics of Pu subsequently transferred to other body organs, until the donor's death. Urine samples taken after the wound incident had readily measurable Pu alpha activity over the next 14 y, before dropping below the minimum detectable excretion rate (<0.4 mBq d(-1)). The Registrant died about 33 y after the wound intake, at the age of 71, from hepatocellular carcinoma with extensive metastases. At autopsy, all major soft tissue organs were harvested for analysis of their 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am content. The amount of 239+240Pu retained at the wound site was 68 +/- 7 Bq (1 SD), measured by low-energy planar Ge spectrometry. A further 56.0 +/- 1.2 Bq was retained in an associated axillary lymph node, measured by radiochemistry. Simultaneous mathematical analysis (modelling) of all in vivo urinary excretion data, together with the measured lung, thoracic lymph node, wound, axillary lymph node and systemic tissue contents at death, yielded estimated intake amounts of 757 and 1504 Bq, respectively, for the first and second inhalation incidents, and 204 Bq for the total wound intake. The inhaled Pu material was highly insoluble, with an estimated long-term absorption rate from the lungs of 2 x 10(-5) d(-1). The Pu material deposited at the wound site was mixed: approximately 14% was rapidly absorbed, approximately 49% was absorbed at the rate of about 6 x 10(-5) d(-1), and the remainder ( approximately 37%) was absorbed extremely slowly (at the rate of about 5 x 10(-6) d(-1)). Thus, it was estimated that only approximately 40% of the Pu initially deposited in the wound had been absorbed systemically over the 33-y period until the donor's death. The biokinetic modelling also indicated that, in this individual case, some of the parameter values (rate constants) incorporated in the ICRP Publication 67 Pu model were up to a factor of 2 different from ICRP's recommended values (for reference man).
这个全身捐赠案例（美国辐射研究与政策中心登记人）涉及两次疑似吸入二氧化钚的情况，每次都通过单个尿液样本中可测量的钚α活度显示出来，大约1.5年后，在钚手套箱中工作时，登记人的拇指被刺伤。该研究关注同时对呼吸道和伤口部位钚的沉积与滞留生物动力学进行建模；以及随后转移到其他身体器官的钚的生物动力学，直至捐赠者死亡。伤口事件发生后采集的尿液样本在接下来的14年中钚α活度易于测量，之后降至最低可检测排泄率以下（<0.4毫贝克勒尔/天）。登记人在伤口摄入钚约33年后去世，享年71岁，死于伴有广泛转移的肝细胞癌。尸检时，采集了所有主要软组织器官以分析其238钚、239 + 240钚和241镅含量。通过低能平面锗谱法测量，伤口部位滞留的239 + 240钚量为68 ± 7贝克勒尔（1标准差）。通过放射化学测量，在相关腋窝淋巴结中还滞留了另外56.0 ± 1.2贝克勒尔。对所有体内尿液排泄数据以及死亡时测量的肺、胸淋巴结、伤口、腋窝淋巴结和全身组织含量进行同步数学分析（建模），得出第一次和第二次吸入事件的估计摄入量分别为757和1504贝克勒尔，伤口总摄入量为204贝克勒尔。吸入的钚物质高度不溶，估计肺部的长期吸收率为2×10⁻⁵/天。沉积在伤口部位的钚物质是混合的：约14%迅速吸收，约49%以约6×10⁻⁵/天的速率吸收，其余部分（约37%）吸收极慢（以约5×10⁻⁶/天的速率）。因此，据估计，在直至捐赠者死亡的33年期间，最初沉积在伤口的钚中只有约40%被全身吸收。生物动力学建模还表明，在这个个体案例中，国际辐射防护委员会第67号出版物钚模型中纳入的一些参数值（速率常数）与国际辐射防护委员会为参考人推荐的值相差高达2倍。
