Nessel C S, Butler J P, Post G B, Held J L, Gochfeld M, Gallo M A
Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1991 Jul;1(3):283-307.
Polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) are perceived by the public as the most hazardous materials emitted from municipal waste incinerators. These compounds disperse in the atmosphere and deposit on environmental media, where they may bioconcentrate in the food chain, resulting in a number of potential sources for human exposure. We performed a cancer risk assessment of PCDD/PCDF emissions from a municipal waste incinerator to evaluate the relative contribution of various exposure routes. Three scenarios were examined, all of which predicted ingestion of fish to be a significant source of exposure. In the common case, representative of the general population consuming mainly foods from commercial sources, inhalation was predicted to be the source of greatest exposure, followed by ingestion of fish, beef, milk, vegetation, and soil. In addition to fish, milk and beef ingestion contributed significantly to total exposure under the highly-exposed and worst case scenarios. Life-time cancer risk from the emitted PCDD/PCDFs was assessed for each scenario and was estimated as 1.8 x 10(-7) (common case), 2.5 x 10(-6) (highly-exposed case), and 6.7 x 10(-6) (worst case). In view of the conservative assumptions used in the assessment, the relatively low magnitude of these risks suggests that the PCDD/PCDF emissions from this incinerator should not be considered a significant public health concern.
多氯二噁英（PCDDs）和多氯呋喃（PCDFs）被公众视为城市垃圾焚烧炉排放的最危险物质。这些化合物在大气中扩散并沉积在环境介质上，在那里它们可能在食物链中生物富集，从而导致多种潜在的人类接触源。我们对一座城市垃圾焚烧炉排放的PCDD/PCDF进行了癌症风险评估，以评估各种接触途径的相对贡献。研究了三种情景，所有情景都预测食用鱼类是一个重要的接触源。在常见情景中，代表主要消费商业来源食物的普通人群，预计吸入是最大的接触源，其次是食用鱼类、牛肉、牛奶、蔬菜和土壤。除鱼类外，在高暴露和最坏情景下，摄入牛奶和牛肉对总接触的贡献也很大。对每种情景下排放的PCDD/PCDF的终生癌症风险进行了评估，估计值分别为1.8×10⁻⁷（常见情景）、2.5×10⁻⁶（高暴露情景）和6.7×10⁻⁶（最坏情景）。鉴于评估中使用的保守假设，这些风险相对较低，这表明该焚烧炉排放的PCDD/PCDF不应被视为重大的公共卫生问题。
