Shamoo D A, Johnson T R, Trim S C, Little D E, Linn W S, Hackney J D
Environmental Health Service, Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, California.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1991 Oct;1(4):423-38.
We investigated summer activity patterns in a panel of volunteers drawn from a population segment with potentially high exposure to ambient oxidant pollution. The subjects were 15 men and 5 women aged 19-50, all of whom worked outdoors in the Los Angeles area at least 10 hr per week. The general approach was to (i) calibrate the relationship between ventilation rate (VR) and heart rate (HR) for each subject in controlled exercise; (ii) have subjects monitor their own normal activities with diaries and electronic HR recorders; (iii) estimate VR from HR recordings; and (iv) relate VR with diary descriptions of activities. Calibration data were fit to the equation log (VR) = (intercept) + (slope x HR), intercept and slope being determined separately for each individual to provide a specific equation to predict her/his VR from measured HR. Individuals' correlation coefficients relating log (VR) with HR ranged from 0.83 to 0.95. Subjects monitored themselves for three 24-hr periods during one week, including their most active work day and their most active non-work day. They wore Heart Watch(R) athletic training instruments which recorded HR once per minute; and recorded each change in their activity, location, or breathing rate in diaries. Breathing rates were classified as sleep, slow (like slow or normal walking), medium (like fast walking), or fast (like running). Diaries showed that sleep occupied about 33% of subject's time, slow activity 59%, medium 7%, and fast 1%. Fast activity was reported only at leisure, never at work. For the group, arithmetic means and standard deviations of predicted VR were 7 +/- 3 L/min for sleep, 12 +/- 7 for slow activity, 14 +/- 8 for medium, and 44 +/- 36 for fast. For the group and for most individuals, distributions of predicted VR within a given activity level (breathing rate) were approximately lognormal, with many values in a narrow range below the arithmetic mean and fewer values in a broader range above it. In the most active individuals, predicted VR exceeded 100 L/min for a total of 5 to 30 min during the three days. These data should prove useful in estimating outdoor workers' inhaled doses of ambient pollutants at existing or projected levels of air quality. Activity diary records are of significant value in pollutant dose estimation, but concurrent heart rate recording improves the estimates substantially.
我们对一组志愿者的夏季活动模式进行了调查，这些志愿者来自一个可能高度暴露于环境氧化剂污染的人群。受试者为15名男性和5名女性，年龄在19至50岁之间，他们都在洛杉矶地区户外工作，每周至少工作10小时。总体方法是：(i) 在受控运动中校准每个受试者的通气率(VR)与心率(HR)之间的关系；(ii) 让受试者用日记和电子心率记录器监测自己的日常活动；(iii) 从心率记录中估计通气率；(iv) 将通气率与活动的日记描述相关联。校准数据拟合到方程log(VR) = (截距) + (斜率×HR)，截距和斜率分别为每个个体确定，以提供一个根据测量的心率预测其通气率的特定方程。个体的log(VR)与心率的相关系数范围为0.83至0.95。受试者在一周内的三个24小时时间段内进行自我监测，包括他们最活跃的工作日和最活跃的非工作日。他们佩戴Heart Watch(R)运动训练仪器，每分钟记录一次心率；并在日记中记录他们活动、位置或呼吸频率的每一次变化。呼吸频率分为睡眠、缓慢(如慢走或正常行走)、中等(如快走)或快速(如跑步)。日记显示，睡眠约占受试者时间的33%，缓慢活动占59%，中等活动占7%，快速活动占1%。快速活动仅在休闲时报告，工作时从未出现。对于该组，预测通气率的算术平均值和标准差分别为：睡眠时7±3升/分钟，缓慢活动时12±7升/分钟，中等活动时14±8升/分钟，快速活动时44±36升/分钟。对于该组和大多数个体，在给定活动水平(呼吸频率)内预测通气率的分布近似对数正态分布，许多值在算术平均值以下的狭窄范围内，较少的值在其上方的较宽范围内。在最活跃的个体中，在这三天中，预测通气率超过100升/分钟的总时长为5至30分钟。这些数据在估计户外工作者在现有或预计空气质量水平下吸入的环境污染物剂量方面应会很有用。活动日记记录在污染物剂量估计中具有重要价值，但同时记录心率可显著改善估计结果
