Kyonka Elizabeth G E
University of Canterbury, Department of Psychology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Behav Processes. 2008 Jun;78(2):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2007.12.003. Epub 2007 Dec 15.
Four pigeons responded in a concurrent-schedule procedure in which reinforcer rates and magnitudes changed unpredictably across sessions according to independent random series. Programmed relative reinforcement rates and magnitudes were always either 2:1 or 1:2. Pigeons' response allocation tended to stabilize within sessions and multiple regression analyses showed that it was determined by rates and magnitudes from the current session. Sensitivity coefficients were positive and statistically significant for current-session reinforcement and magnitude ratios. Although there were individual differences in sensitivity to rate and magnitude, their interaction was not significant across subjects. Rate and magnitude both controlled responding in single sessions and individual interreinforcer intervals. Analyses of responding within sessions showed that preference was more extreme when the richer rate and larger magnitude were associated with the same alternative than when they were associated with different alternatives. Overall, results support the concatenated generalized matching law's assumptions of additivity and independence as applied to choice in transition.
四只鸽子在并发程序中做出反应，在该程序中，强化物的速率和大小根据独立随机序列在各实验阶段中不可预测地变化。设定的相对强化速率和大小始终为2:1或1:2。鸽子的反应分配倾向于在各实验阶段内稳定下来，多元回归分析表明，这是由当前实验阶段的速率和大小决定的。当前实验阶段强化和大小比率的敏感性系数为正且具有统计学意义。尽管个体对速率和大小的敏感性存在差异，但它们的交互作用在不同个体间并不显著。速率和大小在单个实验阶段以及个体强化间隔中都控制着反应。对各实验阶段内反应的分析表明，当更丰富的速率和更大的大小与同一选项相关联时，偏好比它们与不同选项相关联时更为极端。总体而言，结果支持串联广义匹配定律关于可加性和独立性的假设，该假设适用于转换中的选择。
