Lie Celia, Harper David N, Hunt Maree
School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Behav Processes. 2009 Jun;81(2):244-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.10.008. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
Davison and Baum [Davison, M., Baum, W. M., 2000. Choice in a variable environment: every reinforcer counts. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 74, 1-24.] developed a concurrent-schedule procedure where, within each session, different reinforcer ratios were arranged across components separated by brief black-outs. Behaviour adapted quickly to the reinforcer ratios and reinforcers also had local effects on responding. This procedure has been used with pigeons and rats. In the present experiment, we adapted the Davison and Baum procedure to study the effects of reinforcement on human choice behaviour. Eighteen participants were presented with four different reinforcer ratios within a single 50-minute session. Mean sensitivity to the reinforcer ratios increased within components, and preference was greater for the just-reinforced response alternative immediately following reinforcer delivery, similar to the results from non-human experiments. Although there were limitations to the current procedure, the local time scale analyses are a novel way of examining human operant behaviour.
戴维森和鲍姆[戴维森，M.，鲍姆，W. M.，2000年。可变环境中的选择：每一次强化都很重要。《行为实验分析杂志》74卷，第1 - 24页。]开发了一种并发程序，在每个实验环节中，不同的强化比率被安排在由短暂黑屏隔开的各个部分。行为迅速适应了强化比率，并且强化物对反应也有局部影响。这个程序已用于鸽子和大鼠。在本实验中，我们采用了戴维森和鲍姆的程序来研究强化对人类选择行为的影响。18名参与者在一个50分钟的单一实验环节中面对四种不同的强化比率。在各个部分中，对强化比率的平均敏感度增加，并且在强化物给予后，对刚得到强化的反应选项的偏好更大，这与非人类实验的结果相似。尽管当前程序存在局限性，但局部时间尺度分析是一种检验人类操作性行为的新方法。
