Tepavitcharova Stefka, Todorov Tihomir, Rabadjieva Diana, Dassenakis Manos, Paraskevopoulou Vasiliki
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Feb;149(1-4):251-60. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0199-4. Epub 2008 Feb 5.
Monitoring studies and thermodynamic modeling were used to reveal the changes of inorganic chemical species of some water pollutants (nutrients and trace metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb) inthe river-estuary-sea water system. The case studies were two rivers, Kamchiya and Ropotamo, representing part of the Bulgarian Black Sea water catchment area, and having different flow characteristics. There were no major differences in inorganic chemical species of the two river systems. NO3(-) and NO2(-) chemical species showed no changes along the river-estuary-sea water system. Concerning phosphates six different species were calculated and differences between the three parts of the systems were established. The HPO4(2-) and H2PO4(-) species were found to be dominant in river waters. The H2PO4(-) species quickly decreased at the expense of HPO4(2-) and Ca, Mg and Na phosphate complexes in estuary and seawater. Trace metals showed a great variety of chemical species. Fe(OH)2(+) species prevailed in river waters, and Fe(OH)3(0) species--in sea waters. Me2+ and MeCO3(0) (Me = Cu, Pb) and PbHCO3(+) were dominant in river waters, while Cu(CO3)2(2-) and PbCl(-) species appear also in sea waters. Cd2+ species prevailed in river and estuary waters, and CdCln(2-n) (n = 1-3) species, in seawater. Free Zn2+ species predominated in all systems but downstream their percentage decreased at the expense of Zn phosphates, carbonates,sulfates and chlorides complexes. Only free Mn2+ species were dominant along the systems.
采用监测研究和热力学模型揭示了河口水系中一些水污染物（营养物质以及铁、锰、锌、铜、镉和铅等痕量金属）的无机化学形态变化。案例研究涉及两条河流，即卡姆奇亚河和罗波塔莫河，它们代表了保加利亚黑海集水区的一部分，且具有不同的水流特征。这两条河流系统的无机化学形态没有重大差异。硝酸根离子（NO3(-)）和亚硝酸根离子（NO2(-)）的化学形态在河口水系中未表现出变化。关于磷酸盐，计算出了六种不同形态，并确定了系统三个部分之间的差异。发现磷酸氢根离子（HPO4(2-)）和磷酸二氢根离子（H2PO4(-)）在河水中占主导地位。在河口和海水中，磷酸二氢根离子（H2PO4(-)）迅速减少，以磷酸氢根离子（HPO4(2-)）以及钙、镁和钠的磷酸盐络合物为代价。痕量金属呈现出多种化学形态。氢氧化亚铁离子（Fe(OH)2(+)）在河水中占优势，而氢氧化铁（Fe(OH)3(0)）在海水中占优势。二价金属离子（Me2+）和金属碳酸根（MeCO3(0)，Me = Cu、Pb）以及碳酸氢铅离子（PbHCO3(+)）在河水中占主导地位，而碳酸铜络合离子（Cu(CO3)2(2-)）和氯化铅离子（PbCl(-)）也出现在海水中。镉离子（Cd2+）在河流和河口水中占优势，而氯化镉络合离子（CdCln(2-n)，n = 1 - 3）在海水中占优势。游离锌离子（Zn2+）在所有系统中均占主导，但在下游其百分比降低，以锌的磷酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐和氯化物络合物为代价。沿整个系统只有游离锰离子（Mn2+）占主导。
