Paziewska Anna, Bednarska Małgorzata, Niewegłowski Hubert, Karbowiak Grzegorz, Bajer Anna
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007;14(2):265-70.
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are wide-spread pathogens of humans and many species of mammals. The ways of transmission are very complex and difficult to define. Both parasites occur in similar environments and share a broad host range. However, in Poland there is still little known about the epidemiology of these parasites due to the paucity of data on human cases and only few studies in wildlife. The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of two intestinal protozoa in a few species of protected and game mammals in North-Eastern Poland. Additionally, we wanted to compare prevalence and abundance of these parasites between wild and farm animals, and to determine the species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium. Fecal samples collected from protected species (European beaver-22, grey wolf-14, European bison-55, Polish Konik (horse)-5) and game mammals (red deer-52, roe deer-22, boar-5) were examined by IFA. We also studied a group of samples collected from farm animals: beaver-30, red deer-66, Polish konik-5. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 5 of 7 studied animal species (prevalence from 9% in roe deer to 36% in wolves), Giardia cysts in 4 of 6 studied species (prevalence from 1.7% in red deer to 7.7% in European beaver). Sequencing analysis of COWP gene fragment revealed that 5 Cryptosporidium isolates from wolves were C. parvum genotype 2 (zoonotic). The results show the important role of examined species in maintaining the natural sources of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. infections in the environment.
隐孢子虫属和贾第虫属是人类和许多哺乳动物广泛传播的病原体。其传播方式非常复杂且难以界定。这两种寄生虫存在于相似的环境中，宿主范围广泛。然而，在波兰，由于人类病例数据匮乏且野生动物方面的研究较少，人们对这些寄生虫的流行病学仍知之甚少。我们研究的目的是确定波兰东北部几种受保护和狩猎哺乳动物中两种肠道原生动物的分布情况。此外，我们还想比较野生动物和农场动物中这些寄生虫的患病率和丰度，并确定隐孢子虫的种类/基因型。通过间接荧光抗体法（IFA）检测了从受保护物种（欧洲河狸 - 22只、灰狼 - 14只、欧洲野牛 - 55只、波兰科尼克马 - 5只）和狩猎哺乳动物（马鹿 - 52只、狍 - 22只、野猪 - 5只）采集的粪便样本。我们还研究了一组从农场动物采集的样本：河狸 - 30只、马鹿 - 66只、波兰科尼克马 - 5只。在所研究的7种动物中有5种检测到隐孢子虫卵囊（患病率从狍的9%到狼的36%），在所研究的6种动物中有4种检测到贾第虫包囊（患病率从马鹿的1.7%到欧洲河狸的7.7%）。COWP基因片段的测序分析表明，从狼身上分离出的5株隐孢子虫为微小隐孢子虫基因型2（人畜共患型）。结果表明，所研究物种在维持环境中隐孢子虫属和贾第虫属感染的自然来源方面具有重要作用。
