Jäckel Claudia, Hrushetska Iryna, Mayer-Scholl Anne, Hammerl Jens A, Johne Annette, Gremse Carl, Maaz Denny, Nöckler Karsten, Richter Martin Heinrich
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Center for Land Use Related Evaluation Methods, One Health Approaches, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 26;10(21):e38548. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38548. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
is a cause of diarrheal infections responsible for a loss of human and animal welfare worldwide. The impact of the parasite is underestimated and the reported sources of infection are diverse, as it occurs in a wide variety of hosts. Wildlife has been reported as a notifiable source, but few studies are available on its occurrence in European wild boar and cervid species. To determine the occurrence of in game in Brandenburg, Germany, a molecular survey was conducted during the 2017 to 2020 hunting seasons. A total of 562 fecal samples from wild boar (, = 262), roe deer (, = 174), red deer (, = 62), fallow deer (, = 51) and 13 samples of unspecified species were analyzed for both 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene sequence regions. PCR results showed that 21.2 % of the samples ( = 119/562) were positive for at least one target gene (18S rRNA: = 114; COWP: = 14), but differences in occurrence were observed within species and hunting seasons, with variations ranging from 1.8 % to 41.7 % (roe deer), respectively. Analysis of Sanger sequences of the 18S rRNA and COWP PCR products indicated that the sp. deer genotype was predominant in deer (roe deer: 86.7 %, red deer: 66.7 %, fallow deer: 58.8 %), while and were mainly detected in wild boar (88.5 %). The human pathogenic species was detected in only 1.2 % ( = 7) of the samples analyzed, but without a clear indication of a specific wild animal host. The highest diversity was found in wild boar and roe deer with five and four different species, respectively. Comparison of the 18S rRNA sequences with the designated reference revealed minor variations at several nucleotide positions in some isolates, possibly indicating evolutionary adaptations and the development of new subtypes. In conclusion, wildlife represents a reservoir for a diverse spectrum of species and may thus contribute to their environmental spread and the transmission to humans.
是导致腹泻感染的一个原因，在全球范围内造成人类和动物健康受损。这种寄生虫的影响被低估了，而且由于它存在于各种各样的宿主中，所以报告的感染源多种多样。野生动物已被报告为一个应通报的感染源，但关于其在欧洲野猪和鹿科动物中的发生情况的研究很少。为了确定在德国勃兰登堡的猎物中该寄生虫的发生情况，在2017年至2020年狩猎季节进行了一项分子调查。共对来自野猪（n = 262）、狍（n = 174）、马鹿（n = 62）、黇鹿（n = 51）的562份粪便样本以及13份未指明物种的样本进行了18S核糖体RNA（18S rRNA）和球虫卵囊壁蛋白（COWP）基因序列区域的分析。PCR结果显示，21.2%的样本（n = 119/562）至少对一个靶基因呈阳性（18S rRNA：n = 114；COWP：n = 14），但在物种和狩猎季节内观察到该寄生虫发生情况存在差异，狍的差异范围分别为1.8%至41.7%。对18S rRNA和COWP PCR产物的桑格序列分析表明，鹿基因型的该寄生虫在鹿中占主导地位（狍：86.7%，马鹿：66.7%，黇鹿：58.8%），而该寄生虫的其他类型主要在野猪中检测到（88.5%）。在所分析的样本中，仅1.2%（n = 7）检测到人类致病物种，但没有明确表明特定的野生动物宿主。在野猪和狍中发现了最高的该寄生虫多样性，分别有五个和四个不同的物种。将18S rRNA序列与指定的参考序列进行比较发现，一些分离株在几个核苷酸位置存在微小差异，这可能表明进化适应和新亚型的出现。总之，野生动物是多种该寄生虫物种的储存库，因此可能有助于它们在环境中的传播以及向人类的传播。
