Anderson Peter J, Doyle Lex W
Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Semin Perinatol. 2008 Feb;32(1):51-8. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.12.009.
A large body of research indicates that children born very preterm are at increased risk for neurobehavioral impairments; however, research examining outcome for extremely preterm (EP) children is limited. This chapter will review the literature focusing on early development delay, general intellectual functioning, specific cognitive skills, basic educational skills, and behavioral and emotional functioning in children born <26 weeks' gestation or with a birth weight <750 g. Findings are generally consistent and indicate that a large proportion of EP children and their families will face major challenges, including significant development delay, cognitive impairments, learning disabilities, and behavioral and emotional problems. However, a considerable proportion of these high-risk children will escape major impairments, and this variability in outcome is thought to be related to genetic (gender), perinatal (brain injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and social-environmental (social risk, parenting) factors.
大量研究表明，极早产出生的儿童出现神经行为障碍的风险增加；然而，针对超早产（EP）儿童结局的研究有限。本章将综述聚焦于孕龄小于26周或出生体重小于750克的儿童的早期发育迟缓、一般智力功能、特定认知技能、基本教育技能以及行为和情感功能的文献。研究结果总体一致，表明很大一部分超早产儿童及其家庭将面临重大挑战，包括严重发育迟缓、认知障碍、学习障碍以及行为和情感问题。然而，这些高危儿童中有相当一部分将避免出现重大障碍，而这种结局的差异被认为与遗传（性别）、围产期（脑损伤、支气管肺发育不良）和社会环境（社会风险、养育方式）因素有关。
