Butler Casey D, Trumble John T
Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2008 Nov;156(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.026. Epub 2008 Feb 7.
Bottom-up (host plant quality) and top-down (natural enemies) forces both influence the fitness and population dynamics of herbivores. However, the impact of pollutants acting on these forces has not been examined, which prompted us to review the literature to test hypotheses regarding this area of research. A comprehensive literature search found 126 references which examined fitness components and population dynamics of 203 insect herbivores. One hundred and fifty-three of the 203 herbivores (75.4%) had fitness impacted due to bottom-up factors in polluted environments. In contrast, only 20 of the 203 (9.9%) had fitness significantly impacted due to top-down factors in polluted environments. The paucity of results for top-down factors impacting fitness does not necessarily mean that top-down factors are less important, but rather that fewer studies include natural enemies. We provide a synthesis of available data by pollution type and herbivore guild, and suggest future research to address this issue.
自下而上的（寄主植物质量）和自上而下的（天敌）力量都会影响食草动物的适合度和种群动态。然而，污染物对这些力量的影响尚未得到研究，这促使我们查阅文献以检验有关该研究领域的假设。全面的文献检索发现了126篇参考文献，这些文献研究了203种植食性昆虫的适合度组成部分和种群动态。203种植食动物中有153种（75.4%）的适合度受到污染环境中自下而上因素的影响。相比之下，203种中只有20种（9.9%）的适合度受到污染环境中自上而下因素的显著影响。影响适合度的自上而下因素的研究结果较少，这并不一定意味着自上而下的因素不那么重要，而是意味着包含天敌的研究较少。我们按污染类型和食草动物类群对现有数据进行了综合分析，并提出了未来研究以解决这一问题。
