Hochstein-Mintzel V, Stickl H, Huber H C
Dev Biol Stand. 1976;33:260-6.
Attenuated vaccinia strain penetrates the mucous membranes of the oral and pharyngeal cavity; local lesions are not produced, even if high doses of attenuated virus are applied. Attenuated vaccinia virus thus offers the possibility of oral and nasal immunization against smallpox in man. Several groups of monkeys were immunized by the oral and nasal route. The subsequent challenge with virulent smallpox virus resulted in strongly mitigated clinical symptoms as compared to non-immunized controls. In the human, oral immunization with live attenuated virus was affected by the administration of virus-containing tablets. The procedures caused no untoward effect in primary vaccinees. Subsequent skin testing and conventional cutaneous vaccination resulted in accelerated takes, demonstrating successful oral pre-immunization.
减毒痘苗病毒株可穿透口腔和咽腔的黏膜；即使应用高剂量的减毒病毒，也不会产生局部病变。因此，减毒痘苗病毒为人类通过口服和鼻腔途径进行天花免疫提供了可能性。几组猴子通过口服和鼻腔途径进行了免疫。与未免疫的对照组相比，随后用强毒天花病毒进行攻击导致临床症状明显减轻。在人类中，含病毒片剂的给药影响了用减毒活病毒进行的口服免疫。该程序对初次接种疫苗者未产生不良影响。随后的皮肤试验和传统的皮肤接种导致接种加速，表明口服预免疫成功。
