Burani Cristina, Marcolini Stefania, De Luca Maria, Zoccolotti Pierluigi
Institute for Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, ISTC-CNR, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Cognition. 2008 Jul;108(1):243-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.010. Epub 2008 Feb 8.
The role of morphology in reading aloud was examined measuring naming latencies to pseudowords and words composed of morphemes (roots and derivational suffixes) and corresponding simple pseudowords and words. Three groups of Italian children of different ages and reading abilities, including dyslexic children, as well as one group of adult readers participated in the study. All four groups read faster and more accurately pseudowords composed of root and suffix than simple pseudowords (Experiment 1). Unlike skilled young and adult readers, both dyslexics and younger children benefited from morphological structure also in reading aloud words (Experiment 2). It is proposed that the morpheme is a unit of intermediate grain size that proves useful in processing all linguistic stimuli, including words, in individuals with limited reading ability (dyslexics and younger readers) who did not fully develop mastering of whole-word processing. For skilled readers, morphemic parsing is useful for reading those stimuli (i.e., pseudowords made up of morphemes), for which a whole-word lexical unit does not exist; where such whole-word lexical units do exist, skilled readers do not need to rely on morphological parsing because they can rely on a lexical (whole-word) reading unit that is larger than the morpheme.
通过测量对由词素（词根和派生词后缀）组成的假词和单词以及相应的简单假词和单词的命名潜伏期，研究了形态学在朗读中的作用。三组不同年龄和阅读能力的意大利儿童（包括诵读困难儿童）以及一组成年读者参与了该研究。所有四组对由词根和后缀组成的假词的朗读速度都比对简单假词更快且更准确（实验1）。与熟练的年轻和成年读者不同，诵读困难儿童和年幼儿童在朗读单词时也受益于形态结构（实验2）。有人提出，词素是一种中等粒度的单位，对于阅读能力有限（诵读困难儿童和年幼读者）且尚未完全掌握整词处理的个体而言，它在处理所有语言刺激（包括单词）时很有用。对于熟练读者而言，词素解析对于阅读那些不存在整词词汇单元的刺激（即由词素组成的假词）很有用；在存在此类整词词汇单元的情况下，熟练读者无需依赖词素解析，因为他们可以依赖比词素更大的词汇（整词）阅读单元。
