Freeman A Jay, Jacobson Nathan A, Fogg Quentin A
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, American University of Caribbean, Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles.
Clin Anat. 2008 Mar;21(2):178-81. doi: 10.1002/ca.20594.
The plantaris muscle has been given little attention in the reviewed literature. It is most commonly mentioned only when absent from a specimen. This study aimed to document the anatomy of the plantaris muscle and to discuss the clinical significance of the observations. Cadaveric knees (n = 46) were dissected to identify the possible variations of the plantaris muscle. The muscle conformed with standard descriptions (n = 26; 56.52%), was present but varied from previous descriptions (n = 14; 30.44%), or was absent (n = 6; 13.04%). The variations consisted of distinct interdigitations with the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (n = 9; 19.57%) and a strong fibrous extension of the plantaris muscle to the patella (n = 5; 10.87%). The presence of interdigitations strengthen the argument that the plantaris muscle supplement the activity of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle whereas the patellar extension suggests an involvement with patellofemoral dynamics and may play a role in the various presentations of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Greater understanding of the relationship between these and other posterior knee structures will facilitate more precise interpretation and treatment of knee injuries.
在已查阅的文献中，跖肌很少受到关注。通常只有在标本中未发现该肌肉时才会被提及。本研究旨在记录跖肌的解剖结构，并讨论观察结果的临床意义。对46具尸体膝关节进行解剖，以确定跖肌可能存在的变异情况。该肌肉符合标准描述的有26例（56.52%），存在但与先前描述不同的有14例（30.44%），或不存在的有6例（13.04%）。变异包括与腓肠肌外侧头明显的交叉（9例，19.57%）以及跖肌向髌骨的强大纤维延伸（5例，10.87%）。交叉的存在强化了跖肌辅助腓肠肌外侧头活动的观点，而向髌骨的延伸表明其与髌股动力学有关，可能在髌股疼痛综合征的各种表现中起作用。对这些结构与其他膝关节后部结构之间关系的更深入了解将有助于更准确地解释和治疗膝关节损伤。
