van Ginneken B, Stavridi M, Koenderink J J
Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Appl Opt. 1998 Jan 1;37(1):130-9. doi: 10.1364/ao.37.000130.
We present a reflection model for isotropic rough surfaces that have both specular and diffuse components. The surface is assumed to have a normal distribution of heights. Parameters of the model are the surface roughness given by the rms slope, the albedo, and the balance between diffuse and specular reflection. The effect of roughness on diffuse reflection is taken into account, instead of our modeling this component as a constant Lambertian term. The model includes geometrical effects such as masking and shadowing. The model is compared with experimental data obtained from goniophotometric measurements on samples of tiles and bricks. The model fits well to samples with very different reflection properties. Measurements of the sample profiles performed with a laser profilometer to determine the rms slope show that the assumed surface model is realistic. The model could therefore be used in machine vision and computer graphics to approximate reflection characteristics of surfaces. It could also be used to predict the texture of surfaces as a function of illumination and viewing angles.
我们提出了一种适用于具有镜面反射和漫反射成分的各向同性粗糙表面的反射模型。假设该表面具有高度的正态分布。模型的参数包括由均方根斜率给出的表面粗糙度、反照率以及漫反射和镜面反射之间的平衡。考虑了粗糙度对漫反射的影响，而不是将该成分建模为恒定的朗伯项。该模型包括诸如掩蔽和阴影等几何效应。将该模型与通过对瓷砖和砖块样本进行测角光度测量获得的实验数据进行了比较。该模型能很好地拟合具有非常不同反射特性的样本。用激光轮廓仪对样本轮廓进行测量以确定均方根斜率，结果表明所假设的表面模型是现实的。因此，该模型可用于机器视觉和计算机图形学中，以近似表面的反射特性。它还可用于根据光照和视角预测表面的纹理。
